{"id":10523,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10523"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:04","slug":"transformer-ratio-the-regulating-valve-for-stable-operation-of-power-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/news\/transformer-ratio-the-regulating-valve-for-stable-operation-of-power-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644: \u201c\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u201d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 110 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 108 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 116 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0635 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 19.9 \u064820.1 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEC 60076 \u0648IEEE C57\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10525\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Tap-Changers-Parallel-Matching-Ratio-Testing.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"definition\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\nN1\/N2 = V1\/V2 = I2\/I1.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2%-6% \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>N1 \/ N2 (\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>550 \/ 100 = 5.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/td>\n<td>V1 \/ V2 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>110 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \/ 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a = 5.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>2.5%\u20136%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"calculation\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f 110 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 110:20 \u0645\u0639 2200 \u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 400 \u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a 18 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u2013 400 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (400\/18 = 22.2).<br \/>\n\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f 11 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/0.4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a 11\/0.4 = 27.5:1.<br \/>\n\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f 2:1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a (Dyn11\u060c YNd11) \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"regulation\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 5% \u0625\u0644\u0649 10% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062aCorresponding.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u00b1 5% \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u00b1 10% \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a OLTC\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c OLTC \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 OLTC \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tap\">\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (DETC)<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (OLTC)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u00b12.5% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b15%<\/td>\n<td>\u00b110% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b116%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3\u20135<\/td>\n<td>13\u201317 (1.25%\u20132.5% \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a (\u00b12% \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>+$15,000\u2013$60,000 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u22655 MVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 OLTCs \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 OLTC \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"parallel\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0394% \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644).<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631.<br \/>\n\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0642 1% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 2%-5% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 20 MVA \/ 110 kV\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 10%).<br \/>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10%\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 AVR \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a-\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"effects\">\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 2%-5%.<br \/>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a IEC 60076-1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u00b10.5% \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"testing\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (TTR):<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 TTR (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 TTR)<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.1%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.3%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \/ \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.5%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 IEC 60076-1 \u0648IEEE C57.12.90. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 TTR \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"specs\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h2>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GSU \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>18\/400 \u0643.\u0641 (22.2:1)<\/td>\n<td>\u00b17.5% \u0641\u064a 5 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b OLTC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>220\/110 \u0643.\u0641 (2:1)<\/td>\n<td>\u00b116% \u0641\u064a 17 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n<td>OLTC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>110\/20 \u0643.\u0641 (5.5:1)<\/td>\n<td>\u00b112% \u0641\u064a 13 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n<td>OLTC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>33\/11 \u0643.\u0641 (3:1)<\/td>\n<td>\u00b110% \u0641\u064a 9 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>OLTC \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>11\/0.4 \u0643.\u0641 (27.5:1)<\/td>\n<td>\u00b12.5% \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u00b12.5% \u0648 \u00b15% \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 OLTC \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"prices\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 OLTC<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639 OLTC<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5 \u0645.\u0641.\u0623 \/ 33 \u0643.\u0641<\/td>\n<td>$55,000\u2013$90,000<\/td>\n<td>75,000\u2013130,000<\/td>\n<td>+$15,000\u2013$40,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20 \u0645.\u0641.\u0623 \/ 110 \u0643.\u0641<\/td>\n<td>$150,000\u2013$260,000<\/td>\n<td>$175,000\u2013$320,000<\/td>\n<td>+$20,000\u2013$60,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>50 \u0645.\u0641.\u0623 \/ 110 \u0643.\u0641<\/td>\n<td>$360,000\u2013$700,000<\/td>\n<td>$400,000\u2013$800,000<\/td>\n<td>+$25,000\u2013$90,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (OLTC) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10526\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/How-Transformer-Ratio-Works.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"brands\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f MR (Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen) \u0648ABB \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a OLTC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (20 MVA\/110 kV\u060c \u0645\u0639 OLTC)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\/\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>OLTC \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 AVR<\/td>\n<td>$450,000\u2013$700,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a OLTC MR\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>$430,000\u2013$680,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a MV<\/td>\n<td>$280,000\u2013$450,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TBEA<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>OLTC \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>$180,000\u2013$320,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c OLTC MR \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>$160,000\u2013$300,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 - \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 OLTC - \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 Jiangsu Subian Electric Power \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 50 kva \u0625\u0644\u0649 220 kV\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 MR \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60076-1\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 OLTC \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 $15,000 \u0648 $60,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 MVA \u0648 50 MVA\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-1: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/a> \u2014 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/640\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-8: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/a> \u2014 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5307241\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.12.00: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reinhausen.com\/en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0633\u0646 (MR)<\/a> \u2014 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8586253\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.12.90: \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/a> \u2014 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sustainable-energy\/transformer-efficiency\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US EPA: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u2014 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 - \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 5.5:1 \u062d\u062a\u0649 27.5:1.<br \/>\n\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 -10% \u0625\u0644\u0649 +16% \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 13-17 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a (IEC 60076-1\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u00b10.5%) \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 OLTC\u060c, <a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/\">\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 50 kVA \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 220 kV\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A substation operator looked at his electronic meter today when a thunderstorm arrived and changed the 110 kV line of power from 108 kV to 116 kV. In spite of that, the 20 kV bus on the secondary side showed values between 19.9 and 20.1 kV at the same time. The instrument that works there [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10523"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11088,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10523\/revisions\/11088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}