{"id":10754,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10754"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:18","slug":"key-points-of-daily-maintenance-and-fault-warning-mechanism-for-t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/news\/key-points-of-daily-maintenance-and-fault-warning-mechanism-for-t\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 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\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a-\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0648\u0644\u0632. \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tier2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 2: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 (DGA)<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0643\u0644 6 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>TDCG &lt; 720 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>720\u20131,920 ppm \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 1,920 ppm: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u061b &gt; 4,630: \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 40\u201360 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td>\n<td>30\u201340 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 30 kV: \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 15\u201320 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>20\u201330 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 30\u201340 ppm: \u062c\u0641\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \/ \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 1,000 M\u03a9 (\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 100\u2013500 M\u03a9: \u062c\u0641\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642)<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0644 1\u20133 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0634\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \/ IFT<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c IFT \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 40 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120 ppm \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10756\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Tier1-4.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u06291-4\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tier3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 3: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 3 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 ppm \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a IEEE C57.104 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0640 TDCG \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 DGA\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 Excel \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 80 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tier4\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 4: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 DGA \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>$8,000\u2013$60,000<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 PD \u0641\u064a pC\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n<td>$5,000\u2013$30,000<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>$2,000\u2013$8,000<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0632 + \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>$500\u2013$3,000<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 OLTC<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$3,000\u2013$15,000<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a $25,000 \u2013 $120,000 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a $1,000 \u2013 $8,000 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"alarm-thresholds\">\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEEE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 TDCG (\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>&lt; \u0667\u0662\u0660<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0630\u0631<\/td>\n<td>720\u20131,920<\/td>\n<td>H<sub>2<\/sub>, \u060c CH<sub>4<\/sub> \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1,920\u20134,630<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c CO \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>&gt; \u0664,\u0666\u0663\u0660<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 IEEE C57.104 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEC60599 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 1: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 2: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 3: \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"response\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a CMMS \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a DGA \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 DGA \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u061b \u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEEE C57.104 \/ IEC 60599 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643<\/th>\n<th>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1-2 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"data\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 DGA\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 DGA \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"costs\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a $50,000 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\/\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>$300\u2013$1,500<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 DGA \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 + \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>$350\u2013$900 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (IR\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e)<\/td>\n<td>$300\u2013$1,500<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>$25,000\u2013$120,000 (\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644) + $1,000\u2013$8,000\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0648PD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 (20\u201360 MVA)<\/td>\n<td>\u2014 (\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 $250K\u2013$1.5M)<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a $50,000\u2013150,000 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $250,000\u20131.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10757\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Common-Pitfalls-in-Warning-Systems.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pitfalls\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a DGA \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a $1500\u2013$5000. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a $25,000-$120,000\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 $250,000\u2013$1,500,000\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0640 DGA \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 DGA \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9771388\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.104: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a DGA \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/352\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60599: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 DGA \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/633\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60422: \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u2014 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/632\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-7: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/a> \u2014 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cigre.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0631\u00e9<\/a> \u2014 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieee.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE<\/a> \u2014 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/\">\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u2014 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 IEC 60076 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEEE C57.104 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 IEC 60599 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The operator at the substation observes that the DGA trend of the 15 MVA unit has moved from \u201dnormal\u201d to \u201dcaution\u201d level in the quarterly report. Hydrogen increased from 45 to 130 ppm, while ethylene was also detected. None of the alarms were activated, and no trip took place. However, the warning system did its [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10754"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10984,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10754\/revisions\/10984"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}