{"id":10917,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10917"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:09","slug":"strategies-and-practices-for-improving-the-insulation-performance-of-transformers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/news\/strategies-and-practices-for-improving-the-insulation-performance-of-transformers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 20 MVA \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f 110 kV \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 18 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 2.8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 1.6 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 2.7%. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0641\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10919\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Transformer-Insulation-Health-Indicators-Best-Practices.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 - \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 30-40 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 - \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646. <strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a - \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 - \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 IEC 60076-3. <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 - \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"degradation\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644: \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 98 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 6-10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 110 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a (\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEC 60156\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f 40kV\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20 kV)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0621 2% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0621 0.5%. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0642 1000pC \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 10,000pC\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639).<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"materials\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a + \u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 A (\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>98 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (TUK)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 A+<\/td>\n<td>98-105 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u0631\u0642 NOMEX \/ \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 C<\/td>\n<td>220 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a + \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 A<\/td>\n<td>98-105 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f + \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631) \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 220 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 A. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"indicators\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60156<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 40 kV (\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f)\u060c \u2265 30 kV \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 30 kV \u2014 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td>IEEE 43<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 2.0<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 1.5 \u2014 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631 (IEC 60814)<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 0.5% (\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f)\u060c &lt; 2% \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 2% \u2014 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10 ppm (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 25 ppm \u2014 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60270<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 100 pC \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u2014 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 (\u0632\u064a\u062a)<\/td>\n<td>IEC 62021<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 0.1 \u0645\u0644\u063a KOH\/g<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 0.2 \u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 DGA (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60599<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f PI \u0645\u0646 1.8 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 PI \u0645\u0646 2.6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.8 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"strategies\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a BIL \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 PD \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0641\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 0.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u064810 ppm \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 Jiangsu Subian Electric Power (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 IEC 60076) \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>BIL \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d (IEC 60076-3)<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 PD \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>+2\u20135%<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>+10\u201325%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623<\/td>\n<td>+3\u20138%<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 (\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 &lt; 0.5%)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"oil-moisture\">\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629: \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 (BDV\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636\u060c DGA)<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$80\u2013$250 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \/ \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f BDV<\/td>\n<td>$1,000\u2013$5,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a (\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \/ \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d)<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/td>\n<td>$3,000\u2013$15,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0644 10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062c\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$100\u2013$500 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0644 6 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \/ DGA \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>$15,000\u2013$45,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>$5,000\u2013$20,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 25+ \u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u062a $200 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f $5,000\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0641 $300,000. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"testing\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629: \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60156\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 IEC 62021\u060c \u0648DGA \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 IEC 60599). \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648PI \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 IEEE 43\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641). \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a (IEC 60270) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 DGA \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a PI \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"brands-pricing\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \/ \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a Hitachi Energy \/ Siemens Energy<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$35,000\u2013$75,000 (\u0641\u0626\u0629 2,000 kVA)<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 Schneider Electric<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>$25,000\u2013$55,000<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0644 NOMEX \/ DuPont<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 20\u201340% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0629 220 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Megger \/ Doble \/ OMICRON<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n<td>$1,500\u2013$15,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a IR\/PI\u060c TTR\u060c PD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a IEC 60076 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n<td>$15,000\u2013$38,000 (\u0641\u0626\u0629 2,000 kVA)<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 IEC 60076 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 20-40%. \u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 6-10 \u00b0C \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 98 \u00b0C. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1-2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a PD) \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60156\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u060c \u0648DGA. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 6 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 $80\u2013$250 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u2014 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 $15,000\u2013$45,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (PI) \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEEE 43. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 PI \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u061b 1.5\u20132.0 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0648\u0642 2.0 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a. \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 PI \u2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2.6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.8 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 PI \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2014 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100\u2013200 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 20\u201330 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u2014 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 300 \u00b0C \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ~140 \u00b0C \u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 10\u201325% \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10920\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Four-Main-Causes-ofTransformer-Insulation-Degradation.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 $1,500 \u0648$6,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 $15,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $45,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $500 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $2,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 $50,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $500,000 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u2014 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 50:1 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-1: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 1: \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-3: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 3: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/a> \u2014 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 (BIL\/SIL) \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/6129\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60156: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/43\/10742\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE 43: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 IR \u0648 PI.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60270: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u2013 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PD.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60599: \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c DGA<\/a> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0633\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u2014 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 IEC 60076 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u2014 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2014 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u061b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 BDV \u0641\u0648\u0642 30 kV\u060c \u0648PI \u0641\u0648\u0642 2.0\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2%\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a DGA.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f $80\u2013$250 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a PD \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 Jiangsu Subian Electric Power \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 IEC \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The report on the failure of a power transformer of 20 MVA capacity and 110 kV voltage level was similar to a textbook study about the phenomenon. Analysis of dissolved gases showed the presence of acetylene gas in the concentration of 18 ppm, the polarization index dropped from fracturing value of 2.8 to the following [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10917"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11008,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10917\/revisions\/11008"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}