{"id":10549,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10549"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:01","slug":"guide-to-selecting-the-right-transformer-for-your-needs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/news\/guide-to-selecting-the-right-transformer-for-your-needs\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide pour s\u00e9lectionner le bon transformateur pour vos besoins"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le responsable de l'\u00e9tablissement, qui a achet\u00e9 un transformateur de distribution de 630 kVA pour $12,000 sur la base d'un devis re\u00e7u, a appris que six mois plus tard, il fonctionnait \u00e0 une charge de 92% lors des journ\u00e9es chaudes, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 l'absence de marge de surcharge, une augmentation des pertes et une r\u00e9duction de la dur\u00e9e de vie de son appareil. Par cons\u00e9quent, acheter le bon type de transformateur ne consiste pas \u00e0 choisir le devis le moins cher, mais \u00e0 faire correspondre les puissances motrices avec les pertes, les niveaux de tension, le type de syst\u00e8me de refroidissement, ainsi que les exigences normatives.<\/p>\n<p>Le guide complet sur la fa\u00e7on de choisir un transformateur couvre toutes les \u00e9tapes que chaque client doit suivre, dans l'ordre dans lequel l'ing\u00e9nieur les effectuera.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>En termes simples, si vous souhaitez s\u00e9lectionner le type appropri\u00e9 de transformateur \u00e0 acheter, vous devez d\u00e9terminer la charge maximale dont vous aurez besoin en kVA, puis choisir une puissance de transformateur appropri\u00e9e de sorte que la charge de pointe soit d'environ 60% \u00e0 80% de la capacit\u00e9 du transformateur. De plus, assurez-vous de verrouiller le rapport de tension des transformateurs, le groupe vectoriel, l'imp\u00e9dance, la classe de refroidissement et le type d'isolation. Apr\u00e8s cela, recherchez des devis de fournisseurs pour le transformateur en tenant compte des pertes sans charge et pendant la charge pendant 20 ans en utilisant la m\u00e9thode des pertes capitalis\u00e9es.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10550\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Guide-To-Selecting-The-Right-Transformer-For-Your-Needs.webp\" alt=\"Guide To Selecting The Right Transformer For Your Needs\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"step1\">\u00c9tape 1 : D\u00e9finir la charge et calculer la taille<\/h2>\n<p>Lors du choix d'un transformateur, il faut d'abord d\u00e9terminer la charge. Ne totalisez pas la puissance nominale de chaque machine, sinon vous vous retrouverez avec un transformateur tr\u00e8s surdimensionn\u00e9. Au lieu de cela, suivez l'approche professionnelle :<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>Exemple de calcul de dimensionnement de transformateur<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00c9tape<\/th>\n<th>Calcul<\/th>\n<th>R\u00e9sultat<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Charge connect\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td>Somme de toutes les puissances des \u00e9quipements<\/td>\n<td>1 200 kVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Demande maximale<\/td>\n<td>Appliquer le facteur de demande 0,7<\/td>\n<td>840 kVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Correction du facteur de puissance<\/td>\n<td>Compenser \u00e0 0,95<\/td>\n<td>884 kVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Marge de croissance<\/td>\n<td>Ajouter 20%<\/td>\n<td>1 061 kVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Puissance s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e<\/td>\n<td>Taille standard la plus proche<\/td>\n<td>1,000 ou 1,250 kVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>La r\u00e8gle d'or stipule que la taille de l'unit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre telle que la charge de pointe normale se situe entre 60% et 80% de sa capacit\u00e9. Par exemple, une unit\u00e9 de 1000 kVA a une charge de pointe normale de 750 kVA, ce qui signifie que l'unit\u00e9 fonctionne avec une efficacit\u00e9 optimale avec une certaine marge de capacit\u00e9 pour le d\u00e9marrage. Le surdimensionnement d'une unit\u00e9 entra\u00eene des co\u00fbts inutiles ainsi que des pertes au repos, tandis que le sous-dimensionnement conduit \u00e0 un cycle de vie rapide de l'unit\u00e9 ainsi qu'\u00e0 un risque de panne par temps chaud.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"step2\">\u00c9tape 2 : S\u00e9lectionner le rapport de tension et le groupe vectoriel<\/h2>\n<p>Le rapport de tension doit correspondre aux unit\u00e9s de g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur et de consommateur. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, pour les applications industrielles et commerciales, le primaire du transformateur de tension est d'environ 11 ou 20 kV et le secondaire 400\/230. Sur le site de la sous-station, les rapports de tension courants sont 110\/20 kV, 33\/11 kV et 220 kV\/110 kV. Le groupe vectoriel aide \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer comment les phases sont connect\u00e9es et si le transformateur est mis \u00e0 la terre ou non.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>Groupes vectoriels courants et leurs utilisations<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Groupe vectoriel<\/th>\n<th>Configuration<\/th>\n<th>Application typique<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dyn11<\/td>\n<td>Primaire delta, secondaire \u00e9toile avec neutre<\/td>\n<td>Distribution, 11\/0,4 kV \u2014 le plus courant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>YNd11<\/td>\n<td>Primaire \u00e9toile avec neutre, secondaire delta<\/td>\n<td>Transformateurs de puissance de transmission et de sous-transmission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yyn0<\/td>\n<td>\u00c9toile-\u00e9toile, les deux neutres<\/td>\n<td>Petite distribution, r\u00e9seaux sp\u00e9cifiques<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>YNyn0<\/td>\n<td>\u00c9toile-\u00e9toile avec les deux neutres<\/td>\n<td>Syst\u00e8mes interconnect\u00e9s avec neutres mis \u00e0 la terre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Lors du parall\u00e9lisme des transformateurs, il est n\u00e9cessaire de s'assurer de la compatibilit\u00e9 avec le groupe vectoriel, l'imp\u00e9dance et le rapport. Un transformateur Dyn11 ne peut pas fonctionner en tandem avec un YNd11. En cas de doute, un transformateur Dyn11 peut \u00eatre demand\u00e9 pour votre distribution et vous pouvez toujours v\u00e9rifier aupr\u00e8s du fournisseur la compatibilit\u00e9 de vos configurations.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"step3\">\u00c9tape 3 : Choisir l'imp\u00e9dance et la classe de refroidissement<\/h2>\n<p>Les caract\u00e9ristiques de la tension d'imp\u00e9dance (qui est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 4 % \u00e0 6 % pour les transformateurs de distribution et typiquement de 8 % \u00e0 12 % pour les transformateurs de puissance) d\u00e9finissent le courant de court-circuit et le partage de puissance entre les syst\u00e8mes parall\u00e8les. Une faible imp\u00e9dance permet un courant de d\u00e9faut plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, mais offre une meilleure r\u00e9gulation de la tension ; une haute imp\u00e9dance prot\u00e8ge l'\u00e9quipement \u00e9lectrique, mais entra\u00eene une mauvaise r\u00e9gulation de la tension. La plupart des entreprises de services publics et des concepteurs industriels ont calcul\u00e9 ce chiffre sur la base de l'analyse de leurs r\u00e9seaux ; ne supposez pas que l'usine le conna\u00eet.<\/p>\n<p>La classe de refroidissement indique combien de charge l'unit\u00e9 peut accueillir et \u00e0 quel prix :<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>Classes de refroidissement et leurs applications<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Code de refroidissement<\/th>\n<th>Signification<\/th>\n<th>Quand le choisir<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ONAN<\/td>\n<td>Huile naturelle, air naturel<\/td>\n<td>Distribution, service ext\u00e9rieur simple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ONAN\/ONAF<\/td>\n<td>Ajoute des ventilateurs \u00e0 air forc\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Substation and industrial units with peak\/overload duty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OFAF \/ ODAF<\/td>\n<td>Forced oil + air<\/td>\n<td>Large units above ~50 MVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dry-type (AN\/AF)<\/td>\n<td>Air natural \/ forced<\/td>\n<td>Installations int\u00e9rieures sensibles au feu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>When the fans are activated, a transformer rated 20\/28 MVA ONAN\/ONAF provides 40% greater capacity, an economical approach to meet peak summer loads and other contingencies without purchasing a larger transformer.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"step4\">Step 4: Oil-Immersed or Dry-Type?<\/h2>\n<p>This choice is driven mostly by location and fire codes:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>Oil-Immersed vs. Dry-Type Selection Guide<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Facteur<\/th>\n<th>Immerg\u00e9 dans l'huile<\/th>\n<th>De type sec<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Best location<\/td>\n<td>Outdoor substations<\/td>\n<td>Indoor, high-rise, marine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Plage de puissance<\/td>\n<td>50 kVA\u20131,200 MVA<\/td>\n<td>100 VA\u201340 MVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Relative cost (1 MVA)<\/td>\n<td>Base ($18k\u2013$45k)<\/td>\n<td>+40%\u201360% ($28k\u2013$70k)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fire risk<\/td>\n<td>Oil containment needed<\/td>\n<td>Flame-retardant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maintenance<\/td>\n<td>Oil testing, DGA<\/td>\n<td>Minimal, no oil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bruit<\/td>\n<td>Generally lower<\/td>\n<td>Higher for cast resin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If a transformer is outside or in an oil-filled substation, it must be oil-filled transformer. However, once it is inside a building, many codes insist on either dry-type units or ester-filled transformer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10551\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8-key-steps-for-smart-selection.webp\" alt=\"8 key steps for smart selection\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"step5\">Step 5: Tap Changer &amp; Regulation Needs<\/h2>\n<p>Check how much your supply voltage changes. If it is stable within \u00b15%, then a simple off-circuit switch with 2 or 3 positions (\u00b12.5%, \u00b15%) will work well. If daily fluctuations, peak and off-peak loads occur, the on-load switch (OLTC) should be used:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Off-circuit switches can either be cheap (3-5 positions). However, they must de-energize the transformer to set the position, so they are used mainly on distribution transformers.<\/li>\n<li>OLTC can have various ratings from \u00b110% to \u00b116% with 13 to 17 iterations in automatic regulation mode, i.e it keeps the output voltage within \u00b12%; This is common for transmission or sub-transmission transformers.<\/li>\n<li>When you consider the cost of these systems, an OLTC presents an additional cost of about $15,000\u2013$60,000 based on the transformer rating; therefore you must treat it as an investment for quality of power.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"step6\">Step 6: Evaluate Losses &amp; Efficiency<\/h2>\n<p>Make sure to make comparisons based on the total cost of ownership rather than only focusing on bid pricing. Transformers are in operation continuously which means losses are happening permanently. Request each supplier guaranteed values for both no-load and load losses so that you can complete a capitalized loss comparison:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>Loss Comparison Example (1,000 kVA, 11\/0.4 kV)<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Supplier<\/th>\n<th>Pertes \u00e0 vide<\/th>\n<th>Pertes en charge<\/th>\n<th>Est. Annual Energy Loss*<\/th>\n<th>20-Year Loss Value**<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A (standard)<\/td>\n<td>1,150 W<\/td>\n<td>10,500 W<\/td>\n<td>\u224817 MWh<\/td>\n<td>\u2248$34,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B (low-loss)<\/td>\n<td>900 W<\/td>\n<td>9,500 W<\/td>\n<td>\u224814 MWh<\/td>\n<td>\u2248$28,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The initial cost of the low-loss apparatus is greater than normal, however, in most instances, the money saved over a period of time (3-6 years) pays for the unit. This is why stringent energy consumption standards exist.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"step7\">Step 7: Standards, Certification &amp; Testing<\/h2>\n<p>Your contract must mandate compliance with the IEC 60076-1 standard in general and with the specific IEC 60076 provisions relevant to your application and, additionally, the IEEE C57.12.00 standard for North America. Insist on receiving the following documents before payment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Type-Test Reports \u2013 for the temperature rise, lightning impulse, and short-circuit withstand tests conducted on a sample unit.<\/li>\n<li>Routine Test Certificates \u2013 for the ratio, impedance, losses, dielectric, and insulation resistance determined on your specific unit.<\/li>\n<li>Certifications \u2013 if necessary, CE mark, ISO 9001 quality certificate and IEC 60076-11 for dry-type transformers.<\/li>\n<li>Third-Party Inspection Report \u2013 usually by SGS or Bureau Veritas, or may be provided by your own expert supervising tests in the factory for relevant price orders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is also advisable to abandon suppliers that refuse independent inspection or do not possess type-test reports irrespective of their pricing policy as certificates and records of examinations are the proof of the quality of a product.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"step8\">Step 8: Compare Brands &amp; Prices<\/h2>\n<p>Both multinational companies and the Chinese industry adhere to IEC 60076 standards but differ in terms of price, lead time, and engineering services. The planning-level intervals for oil-immersed transformers are:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<caption>Transformer Price Ranges by Rating &amp; Source<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Puissance<\/th>\n<th>Chinese Factory (e.g. Subian)<\/th>\n<th>European\/US Brand<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>100 kVA<\/td>\n<td>$1,500\u2013$8,000<\/td>\n<td>$4,000\u2013$12,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 MVA<\/td>\n<td>$18,000\u2013$45,000<\/td>\n<td>$35,000\u2013$70,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.5\u20135 MVA<\/td>\n<td>$35,000\u2013$90,000<\/td>\n<td>$70,000\u2013$200,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20 MVA \/ 110 kV<\/td>\n<td>$160,000\u2013$300,000<\/td>\n<td>$430,000\u2013$700,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Specifications, loss levels, and locality dictate prices. If an enterprise requires equipment that meets the IEC 60076 standards for a factory-direct price, Jiangsu Subian Electric Power is an excellent choice: this manufacturer of distribution and power transformers (50 kVA\u2013220 kV classes, both oil-immersed and dry) also bears specifications in terms of voltage ratios, vector grouping, tap range, and some cooling methods. All the units are equipped with type test and routine test results, certification according to CE\/ISO standards, and their prices are much lower than those of their foreign competitors (the price difference varies between 30% and 50%). Also, the factory is open for OEM\/ODM projects and third-party inspections.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10552\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/The-Complete-Selection-Checklist.webp\" alt=\"The Complete Selection Checklist\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"checklist\">The Complete Selection Checklist<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Determine the peak load with the help of the demand factor and growth margin; ensure that the rating is chosen such that the peak load is between 60% and 80%. Verify the voltage values for supply and load and decide on both the ratio and vector group.<\/li>\n<li>The impedance must be acquired from the network study (5%-10% on average).<\/li>\n<li>Choose a cooling type: ONAN when working under standard loads, ONAN\/ONAF if overload is expected.<\/li>\n<li>Choose between oil and dry-type based on the place of installation and fire code requirements.<\/li>\n<li>Choose the tap changer: off-circuit if the supply voltage is stable, OLTC if more precise voltage stability is required.<\/li>\n<li>Compare offers based on guaranteed losses using a capitalized loss study for 20-30 years.<\/li>\n<li>Request the type test reports according to IEC 60076 and third-party inspection.<\/li>\n<li>Budget for 20%-40% of costs for protection, installation, testing, and construction works.<\/li>\n<li>Check the lead time, warranty (which usually lasts from 12 to 24 months), and service after the sale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Questions Fr\u00e9quemment Pos\u00e9es<\/h2>\n<h3>How do I calculate the right transformer size for my building or factory?<\/h3>\n<p>Determine the connected load, multiply with demand factor of 0.6-0.85, correct power factor to 0.9-0.95, add anything from 15%-25% for growth to that. Then select the nearest standard rating so that the normal peak load is equal to somewhere between 60%-80% of the capacity. For example, if connected load equals 1200 kVA, demand factor is 0.7, and growth is 20%, the result will be something close to 1060 kVA. In this case, a unit with rating equal to either 1000 or 1250 kVA will do.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the difference between a 11\/0.4 kV and a 20\/0.4 kV transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>Both units have the same function but operate at different voltages in this instance, where the 11-kV unit is suitable for 11 kV incoming medium voltage lines and the 20-kV unit operates in 20 kV systems. While the kVA ratings can be the same, the high-voltage unit has higher BIL insulation as well as different construction, and in general costs slightly more.<\/p>\n<h3>Should I buy an oil-immersed or a dry-type transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>In some cases, dry-type transformers are used in occupied buildings and outdoor locations. The dry-type transformers are very high rated and maintenance free. The cost of dry-type transformer in range of $28000-$70000 and compared to oil immersed transformer in a range of $18000-$45000.<\/p>\n<h3>Why are transformers with the same rating priced so differently?<\/h3>\n<p>Loss guarantees, main steel quality, winding material (copper or aluminium), brand of tap changer, cooling class, history of type testing, and brand premium. Always do a capitalized-loss comparison: a unit that has low losses and costs an additional 5% to 10% is likely to save more in power costs during 20 years than its entire price difference.<\/p>\n<h3>What paperwork should I request before buying a transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>Ask for the type test report (temperature climbing, lightning impulse, short circuit), routine testing certification for your unit, ISO 9001 quality certification, CE marking if applicable, and the possibility of third party inspection. According to IEC 60076-1, ratio tolerance is \u00b10.5%, therefore verify the test results with your specification prior to accepting delivery.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-1: Power Transformers \u2014 General<\/a> \u2014 The base standard for ratings, tolerances, and tests.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/641\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-7: Loading Guide for Oil-Immersed Power Transformers<\/a> \u2014 Overload capability and loading recommendations for sizing.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5307241\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.12.00: General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Transformers<\/a> \u2014 North American selection and application standard.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/eere\/amo\/transformer-efficiency\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US DOE: Transformer Efficiency Standards<\/a> \u2014 Efficiency regulations that shape loss specifications.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/codes-and-standards\/nfpa-70-standard-development\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NFPA 70: National Electrical Code<\/a> \u2014 Installation requirements for transformer selection and placement.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reinhausen.com\/en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen (MR)<\/a> \u2014 Reference for tap changer selection and voltage regulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>The choice of the appropriate transformer is not simply one of price but consists of a process of eight specific engineering decisions. This means that proper sizing with reference to the actual load profile, choice of the right voltage (with the right vector group), type of cooling and the insulation suitable for specific locality, assessment of losses within the life cycle of the asset as well as strict insistence on the test evidence that is supported by standards are the factors making a good purchase rather than a costly mistake.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The most general sizing of transformers means so-called normal peak = 60%\u221280% of the transformer rating with a 15%\u221225% margin for growth to be considered.<\/li>\n<li>The ratio, vector group, impedance, and cooling should be predetermined before the supplier\u2019s selection.<\/li>\n<li>The comparison should be made based on the capitalized losses that may be incurred during 20\u221230 years as opposed to the first cost.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure the receipt of the type test reports as well as third-party inspection references.<\/li>\n<li>Prices are estimated in a range of $1.5k\u2212$8k (for 100 kVA transformers), $18k\u2212$45k (for 1 MVA transformers), $160k\u2212$300k (for 20 MVA transformers) when purchased from the manufacturer directly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The facility manager, who purchased a 630 kVA distribution transformer for $12,000 based on one quote received, learned that six months later it operated at 92% load on hot days, which resulted in no overload margin, increased lossiness, and his device&#8217;s lifetime reduction. Hence, buying the right type of transformer is not about a quote [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10550,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10549"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11094,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10549\/revisions\/11094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}