{"id":10589,"date":"2026-08-29T23:42:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10589"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:42:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:42:57","slug":"transformer-oil-selection-for-oil-immersed-transformers-in-cold-regions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/news\/transformer-oil-selection-for-oil-immersed-transformers-in-cold-regions\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9lection de l'huile de transformateur pour les transformateurs immerg\u00e9s dans l'huile dans les r\u00e9gions froides"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un ing\u00e9nieur de service public situ\u00e9 dans le nord du Canada con\u00e7oit une sp\u00e9cification pour un transformateur de 25 MVA qui fonctionnera dans une sous-station avec des niveaux de temp\u00e9rature descendant en dessous de -40\u00b0C pendant le mois de janvier. Les transformateurs ont de grands dispositifs de refroidissement, leur r\u00e9servoir est sp\u00e9cialement construit pour r\u00e9sister aux fortes charges de vent et de neige, donc la seule chose qui pr\u00e9occupe l'ing\u00e9nieur est le type d'huile utilis\u00e9e pour le r\u00e9servoir. La personne sait ce que cela signifie de s\u00e9lectionner le mauvais <strong>huile de transformateur<\/strong> pour une utilisation dans un climat froid. L'huile va s'\u00e9paissir lorsque les temp\u00e9ratures chutent, la pompe commencera \u00e0 caviter et l'huile cessera de circuler \u00e0 travers les dispositifs de refroidissement, donc les enroulements deviennent chauff\u00e9s m\u00eame si la temp\u00e9rature ext\u00e9rieure est de -30\u00b0C. Le transformateur qui a r\u00e9ussi ses tests fonctionnera comme un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d'alarme lors de la premi\u00e8re saison hivernale.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article discute de tout ce que doit savoir un acheteur ou un ing\u00e9nieur de sp\u00e9cification sur la s\u00e9lection de l'huile de transformateur dans les transformateurs remplis d'huile pour les zones climatiques froides, y compris les principales caract\u00e9ristiques, normes, avantages et inconv\u00e9nients de l'utilisation d'huiles paraffiniques et napht\u00e9niques, les diff\u00e9rences de prix et l'algorithme de s\u00e9lection de l'huile.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10591\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/How-to-Select-Transformer-Oil-for-Cold-Regions.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Pourquoi l'huile pour transformateurs devient probl\u00e9matique<\/h2>\n<p>L'huile de transformateur a deux fonctions principales : elle refroidit les enroulements du transformateur par le biais de l'\u00e9vacuation de chaleur vers les parois du r\u00e9servoir et elle isole les enroulements du stress \u00e9lectrique. Bien que les deux fonctions d\u00e9pendent de la capacit\u00e9 de l'huile \u00e0 circuler, dans les climats froids, la viscosit\u00e9 de l'huile augmentera et la circulation sera ralentie, ce qui entra\u00eene un \u00e9chauffement des enroulements du transformateur alors que la temp\u00e9rature ext\u00e9rieure est basse. Lors de temp\u00e9ratures tr\u00e8s basses, l'huile min\u00e9rale peut atteindre son point de cong\u00e9lation \u2014 temp\u00e9rature \u00e0 laquelle l'huile cesse compl\u00e8tement de circuler, ce qui signifie que le refroidissement s'arr\u00eate.<\/p>\n<p>Il y a un autre d\u00e9fi li\u00e9 \u00e0 l'huile en hiver : la condensation d'humidit\u00e9. L'huile dans un transformateur avec un conservateur se d\u00e9place pendant son fonctionnement, et lorsque l'air qui est plus chaud et plus humide entre par le r\u00e9servoir froid, l'eau se refroidit et se joint \u00e0 l'huile. L'eau dans l'huile de transformateur d\u00e9truit les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s di\u00e9lectriques de l'huile ; plusieurs centaines de parties d'eau feront chuter la tension de claquage de l'huile de 60 kV \u00e0 moins de 30 kV, donc les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9lection de l'huile de transformateur pour un climat froid consistent \u00e0 comprendre \u00e0 la fois la fluidit\u00e9 et la gestion de l'humidit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La derni\u00e8re caract\u00e9ristique particuli\u00e8re de l'exploitation en hiver est le d\u00e9marrage. L'huile qui est utilis\u00e9e dans le transformateur doit \u00eatre mise sous tension au point de cong\u00e9lation de l'huile sans \u00eatre r\u00e9chauff\u00e9e au pr\u00e9alable, car imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la mise sous tension, l'huile doit circuler et cr\u00e9er les conditions de temp\u00e9rature n\u00e9cessaires dans chaque partie du transformateur.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"properties\">Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s cl\u00e9s \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/th>\n<th>Ce que cela mesure<\/th>\n<th>Cible pour les r\u00e9gions froides<\/th>\n<th>Grade standard (temp\u00e9r\u00e9)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Point de cong\u00e9lation<\/td>\n<td>Temp\u00e9rature la plus basse \u00e0 laquelle l'huile s'\u00e9coule<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C \u00e0 -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Viscosit\u00e9 cin\u00e9matique @ 40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Fluidit\u00e9 de base \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature de fonctionnement<\/td>\n<td>8-12 mm\u00b2\/s<\/td>\n<td>9-12 mm\u00b2\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Viscosit\u00e9 cin\u00e9matique @ -30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Fluidit\u00e9 \u00e0 froid ; le chiffre cl\u00e9 \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature<\/td>\n<td>En dessous de 1 500 mm\u00b2\/s (limite typique)<\/td>\n<td>Non sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Point d'\u00e9clair<\/td>\n<td>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie ; plus c'est \u00e9lev\u00e9, mieux c'est<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C (min\u00e9ral), &gt; 250\u00b0C (ester)<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tension de claquage (BDV)<\/td>\n<td>R\u00e9sistance di\u00e9lectrique apr\u00e8s conditionnement<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 70 kV (neuf, IEC 60156)<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 70 kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Teneur en eau<\/td>\n<td>Niveau d'humidit\u00e9 ; doit \u00eatre minimal<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 30 ppm (huile neuve)<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 30 ppm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>En ce qui concerne les zones climatiques froides, le point de cong\u00e9lation et la viscosit\u00e9 \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature jouent un r\u00f4le important. Une valeur de -30 degr\u00e9s Celsius est appropri\u00e9e pour des climats avec des temp\u00e9ratures de -10 degr\u00e9s Celsius ; cependant, elle est compl\u00e8tement inefficace \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures de -40 degr\u00e9s Celsius. L'huile en question doit rester au-dessus de son point de cong\u00e9lation, m\u00eame \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature minimale enregistr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"types\">Types d'huile pour r\u00e9gions froides<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Type d'huile<\/th>\n<th>Point de cong\u00e9lation<\/th>\n<th>Point d'\u00e9clair<\/th>\n<th>Prix par litre<\/th>\n<th>Meilleure utilisation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Huile min\u00e9rale standard (IEC 60296)<\/td>\n<td>-30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$1.5-$2.5<\/td>\n<td>Climats temp\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Huile min\u00e9rale napht\u00e9nique \u00e0 bas point de cong\u00e9lation<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C \u00e0 -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$2.5-$4<\/td>\n<td>R\u00e9gions froides jusqu'\u00e0 -50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hydrocarbure \u00e0 poids mol\u00e9culaire \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Varie<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 250\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$4-$8<\/td>\n<td>Sites sensibles au feu et froid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ester synth\u00e9tique (IEC 61099)<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C \u00e0 -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 250\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$6-$15<\/td>\n<td>Froid + s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie + biod\u00e9gradabilit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fluide silicone<\/td>\n<td>-50\u00b0C ou moins<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 300\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$15-$30<\/td>\n<td>Applications sp\u00e9ciales de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Dans la plupart des processus industriels et des services publics dans les r\u00e9gions froides, les huiles min\u00e9rales napht\u00e9niques \u00e0 bas point de cong\u00e9lation repr\u00e9sentent le cheval de bataille. Elles offrent la fluidit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 environ la moiti\u00e9 du prix des esters synth\u00e9tiques. Les esters synth\u00e9tiques sont utilis\u00e9s lorsque cela est n\u00e9cessaire en r\u00e9ponse aux codes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et \u00e0 la l\u00e9gislation environnementale qui r\u00e9git la performance \u00e0 froid et fournit un point d'\u00e9clair sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 300\u00b0C. Le fluide silicone repr\u00e9sente le choix offrant des performances \u00e9lev\u00e9es \u00e0 un co\u00fbt tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"naphthenic\">Huile napht\u00e9nique vs. Huile paraffine<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Caract\u00e9ristique<\/th>\n<th>Huile napht\u00e9nique<\/th>\n<th>Huile paraffine<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Teneur en cire<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00e8s faible<\/td>\n<td>Plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e ; forme des cristaux de cire \u00e0 froid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Point de cong\u00e9lation<\/td>\n<td>Naturellement faible (-40\u00b0C \u00e0 -60\u00b0C r\u00e9alisable)<\/td>\n<td>Plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e ; n\u00e9cessite un d\u00e9paraffinage lourd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fluidit\u00e9 \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature<\/td>\n<td>Excellente<\/td>\n<td>Se d\u00e9grade fortement pr\u00e8s du point de cong\u00e9lation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'oxydation<\/td>\n<td>Bonne<\/td>\n<td>Bonne (base l\u00e9g\u00e8rement meilleure)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comportement d'absorption des gaz<\/td>\n<td>Meilleure absorption des gaz<\/td>\n<td>G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement bon mais la cire est le probl\u00e8me<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Disponibilit\u00e9 en grades froids<\/td>\n<td>Norme pour les sp\u00e9cifications des r\u00e9gions froides<\/td>\n<td>Rarement utilis\u00e9 pour les r\u00e9gions froides<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Il existe un accord marqu\u00e9 parmi les ing\u00e9nieurs concernant l'utilisation des huiles napht\u00e9niques dans les zones froides. Le fait que les huiles paraffiniques contiennent de la cire pose un probl\u00e8me majeur en hiver, car la cire se solidifie lorsqu'il fait froid, entra\u00eenant une viscosit\u00e9 accrue et un \u00e9chec subs\u00e9quent de l'huile \u00e0 s'\u00e9couler \u2014 ce qui est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le probl\u00e8me qui rend le refroidissement des transformateurs inefficace en hiver. La faible temp\u00e9rature de fusion de l'huile napht\u00e9nique et sa bonne capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 fonctionner dans des conditions froides la rendent formellement accept\u00e9e pour chaque sp\u00e9cification s\u00e9rieuse dans les r\u00e9gions froides, de nombreux fabricants de transformateurs sp\u00e9cifiant en fait un grade napht\u00e9nique pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 dans le sch\u00e9ma du syst\u00e8me d'huile.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"specs\">Param\u00e8tres et limites de sp\u00e9cification<\/h2>\n<p>il est essentiel d'inclure les valeurs suivantes :<\/p>\n<p>Normes : IEC 60296 pour les huiles min\u00e9rales ; IEC 61099 pour les esters synth\u00e9tiques ; ASTM D3487 pour l'Am\u00e9rique du Nord.<br \/>\nPoint de cong\u00e9lation : Minimum -40\u00b0C pour des temp\u00e9ratures d'environ -30\u00b0C ; minimum -60\u00b0C pour des temp\u00e9ratures inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 -35\u00b0C.<br \/>\nViscosit\u00e9 cin\u00e9matique \u00e0 40\u00b0C : 8 \u00e0 12 mm\u00b2\/s et v\u00e9rifier la viscosit\u00e9 \u00e0 -30 \u00b0C pour s'assurer qu'elle est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la limite de circulation maximale fix\u00e9e par les fabricants ; cette limite est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d'environ 1 500 mm\u00b2\/s.<br \/>\nPoint d'\u00e9clair : Sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 135 \u00b0C pour les huiles min\u00e9rales ; se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 la valeur exacte indiqu\u00e9e sur le certificat.<br \/>\nR\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la rupture di\u00e9lectrique : Sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 70 kV pour l'huile neuve selon les normes IEC 60156.<br \/>\nTeneur en eau : 30 ppm max ; le rejet d'huile doit respecter cette exigence.<br \/>\nR\u00e9sistance di\u00e9lectrique et concentration d'acide : Se conformer aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9nonc\u00e9es dans l'IEC 60296 pour les huiles neuves.<\/p>\n<p>N'oubliez pas de mentionner le point de cong\u00e9lation dans les contrats. \u201cHuile de r\u00e9gion froide\u201d n'est pas assez clair. L'huile de r\u00e9gion froide est parfois appel\u00e9e huile \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature, et vous pourriez finir par acheter de l'huile de grade standard \u00e0 -30\u00b0C sans que le contrat ne mentionne le point de cong\u00e9lation.<\/p>\n<p>La matrice suivante peut vous aider \u00e0 d\u00e9cider concernant la temp\u00e9rature minimale pour le site sp\u00e9cifique :<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Site Minimum Extr\u00eame<\/th>\n<th>Point de cong\u00e9lation requis<\/th>\n<th>Famille d'huile<\/th>\n<th>Prix approximatif par litre<\/th>\n<th>Remarques<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Au-dessus de -20\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Min\u00e9ral standard (IEC 60296)<\/td>\n<td>$1.5-$2.5<\/td>\n<td>Le grade standard est suffisant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-20\u00b0C \u00e0 -35\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Low-pour naphthenic<\/td>\n<td>$2.5-$3.5<\/td>\n<td>Most common cold-region spec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-35\u00b0C to -50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-50\u00b0C to -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Naphthenic or synthetic ester<\/td>\n<td>$3.5-$15<\/td>\n<td>Check low-temperature viscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Below -50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-60\u00b0C or lower<\/td>\n<td>Synthetic ester or silicone<\/td>\n<td>$8-$30<\/td>\n<td>Confirm pump and gasket ratings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10592\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cold-Region-Transformer-Oil-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"selection\">The Selection Process<\/h2>\n<p>Determine the lowest temperature in the site. Take the extreme lowest temperature into account rather than the mean winter temperature, also add 10 or 15 K safety margin.<br \/>\nDetermine the required pour point. In case of a site temperature of -40\u00b0C for instance, specify -55\u00b0C or -60\u00b0C pour point oil so that the oil will remain liquid.<br \/>\nCheck the low-temperature viscosity. Consult the manufacturer of the transformer about the oil viscosity in case of -30\u00b0C since this is the information that will ensure the effectiveness of the cooling system.<br \/>\nChoose the oil type. If economy is the goal, use naphthenic mineral oil; synthetic ester in case of fire and environmental regulations; and silicone only on an obligation basis.<br \/>\nCheck the compatibility of the transformer. Make sure that gaskets, pumps, and breathers are compatible with the oil and support the extreme temperature; for the -40\u00b0C site, it may be necessary to choose special gaskets designed for such low temperatures.<br \/>\nMake sure to obtain the certificate. It needs to cover the pour point, viscosity, BDV, water content, and flash point as per your requirements.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"applications\">Application by Region and Climate<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Northern China, Mongolia, areas in northern USA (-30\u00b0C to -40\u00b0C): low pour point naphthenic oil with -40\u00b0C pour point.<br \/>\nCanada, Siberia, northern Scandinavia (below -40\u00b0C): oils with -55\u00b0C to -60\u00b0C pour points utilized, often synthetic esters for the coldest sites.<br \/>\nHigh-altitude locations (Andes, Tibet, Alps): combination of cold environment and less cooling at altitudes, requiring derate and use of cold-class oil.<br \/>\nOffshore and cold marine conditions: use of naphthenic and ester oils with strict moisture control.<\/p>\n<p>Altitudes add to cold difficulties: at 3,000 meters, air density is roughly 30 percent lower, making it less efficient naturally cooling transformers, which have to be derated or assigned a higher cooling stage before temperature starts being addressed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"brands\">Marques et comparaison des prix<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Marque<\/th>\n<th>Origine<\/th>\n<th>Cold-Region Offerings<\/th>\n<th>Prix approximatif par litre<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Shell<\/td>\n<td>Netherlands\/UK<\/td>\n<td>Diala S4 ZX-I, Diala AX (low-pour naphthenic)<\/td>\n<td>$2-$4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ExxonMobil<\/td>\n<td>\u00c9tats-Unis<\/td>\n<td>Mobil 3910-60 (paraffinic, pour -60\u00b0C), Unvolt<\/td>\n<td>$2.5-$4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nynas<\/td>\n<td>Sweden<\/td>\n<td>Nytro Libra, Nytex 620 (naphthenic specialists)<\/td>\n<td>$2-$4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ergon<\/td>\n<td>\u00c9tats-Unis<\/td>\n<td>Hyvolt III, cold-grade naphthenic oils<\/td>\n<td>$2-$3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MIDEL (M&amp;I Materials)<\/td>\n<td>UK<\/td>\n<td>MIDEL 7131 synthetic ester (pour -56\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>$8-$15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jiangsu Subian Electric Power (with brand-name oil)<\/td>\n<td>Chine<\/td>\n<td>Transformers supplied filled with specified cold-grade oil<\/td>\n<td>Oil bundled; units priced competitively<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The oil industry is dominated by global companies specializing in lubricants and esters, including Shell, ExxonMobil, Nynas, Ergon, and MIDEL, whose cold products have been used all across the globe. In the case of the transformer, the oil type is usually specified in the contract, and companies such as Jiangsu Subian Electric Power provide the transformer with the cold oil specified as per the contract and indicate the oil filling on the certificate. Indeed, this is critical for cold places because the oil is not a consumable item and cannot be replaced; it is part of the thermal design of the transformer. Subian\u2019s cold region transformers are supplied with the certificate indicating the pour point and viscosity of the oil, and the prices for the filled transformer are usually 40-60% less than the prices quoted for similar units produced by European manufacturers.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-choose\">How to Choose the Right Oil<\/h2>\n<p>Apply the site\u2019s worst-case surmise minimum temperature plus tolerance to choose the requirement for pouring point.<br \/>\nSelect naphthenic oils for cold environments and avoid paraffinic products unless they have been dewaxed to meet the parameter of pouring point.<br \/>\nIndicate the limit of viscosity at low temperatures to ensure that the cooling system is operational.<br \/>\nFind the oil family compliant with the fire and environmental codes, not only with the thermometer.<br \/>\nCheck whether the gasket and pump materials are appropriate for the extreme temperature conditions.<br \/>\nDemand from the certificate showing the pouring point, viscosity, BDV, water content and flash point.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"handling\">Handling, Storage, and Cold Start-Up<\/h2>\n<p>Cold-region oil handling has a particular discipline of its own. Drums, tanks and heat-transferring pipes need to be located above oil&#8217;s pouring point so that oil remains pumpable; many sites resort to heated storage and transferring lines. Before filling, oil has to be vacuum-degassed and dried up to below 30 ppm water content due to the fact that cold air contains very little moisture while the warm oil coming from storage would condense it. Usually, one would install filters with 1-5 microns and a vacuum dryer while filling transformers with oil in cold regions.<\/p>\n<p>When starting the equipment in cold conditions, it is very important to follow the sequence \u2013 switch on the transformer and let the oil circulate for 10-30 minutes before putting significant load in order to avoid formation of hot spots in stagnant cold oil. Some operators would keep pumps in operation during the coldest nights instead of setting the control system on the temperature of oil being pumped. The rules of operation should be included in the maintenance manual of the site not just in its specifications.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Questions Fr\u00e9quemment Pos\u00e9es<\/h2>\n<h3>Which transformer oil is appropriate for cold locations?<\/h3>\n<p>For use in applications in the cold regions, using low-pour-point naphthenic mineral oil approved by IEC 60296 is the best deal: the oil remains liquid at temperatures from -40\u00b0C to -60\u00b0C and costs approximately $2.5-$4 per liter. Synthetic esters, priced at about $8-$15 per liter, provide both improved fire safety and biodegradability, but at the same levels of performance in the cold. Standard oil, with a pour point of -30\u00b0C, is not sufficient for sites experiencing temperatures below approximately -25\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h3>What is meant by pour point of transformer oil?<\/h3>\n<p>Pour point is defined as the temperature at which the oil is still flowing. At this temperature, circulating stops, and, consequently, the transformer does not cool, resulting in overheating of the winding regardless of freezing weather. Standard oil of the transformer has a pour point of -30\u00b0C; oil for cold regions is rated at -40\u00b0C, -45\u00b0C, or -60\u00b0C depending on the site.<\/p>\n<h3>Is naphthenic or paraffinic transformer oil better for winter?<\/h3>\n<p>Definitely naphthenic. Paraffinic oils contain paraffin that crystallizes at cold temperatures, increasing viscosity to the point of preventing oil from flowing at all, which means that transformer cannot be cooled at these temperatures. Naphthenic oil is naturally low pour-point and flows well in the cold, which is why oil specifications for cold regions almost always require naphthenic grade oil.<\/p>\n<h3>How much does transformer oil for cold regions cost?<\/h3>\n<p>Standard mineral oil is priced at $1.5-$2.5 per liter, low-pour-point naphthenic oil costs $2.5-$4 per liter, synthetic esters cost $6-$15 per liter, and silicone oil costs $15-$30 per liter. The oil price difference is around $10,000\u2013$20,000 for a 10,000-liter transformer, which is not large compared to the winter failure cost.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I use standard transformer oil if I just derate the transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>Derating helps with heat, not with cold fluidity. If the oil&#8217;s pour point is above the site minimum, the oil will stop flowing regardless of how little load the transformer carries. The specification must be driven by the site temperature, and the transformer and oil selected as one thermal system. Cold-grade oil is not optional for genuinely cold sites.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/60161\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60296 \u2014 Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications, Unused Mineral Insulating Oils<\/a> \u2014 The master standard for mineral transformer oil grades and pour points.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/61099\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 61099 \u2014 Synthetic Organic Esters for Electrical Purposes<\/a> \u2014 The standard for synthetic ester insulating oils.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/d3487-18.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ASTM D3487 \u2014 Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus<\/a> \u2014 North American mineral oil specification.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/60156\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60156 \u2014 Insulating Liquids, Determination of the Breakdown Voltage<\/a> \u2014 The dielectric test method for BDV.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/57.106\/7750\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.106 \u2014 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil<\/a> \u2014 Oil acceptance criteria and moisture limits.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nynas.com\/en\/transformer-oil\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nynas \u2014 Transformer Oil Solutions<\/a> \u2014 Specialist naphthenic oil grades and application guidance.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.midel.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">M&amp;I Materials \u2014 MIDEL Ester Fluids<\/a> \u2014 Synthetic ester products with published low-temperature data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>This means that while buying transformer oil for cold conditions is not only about the lubricant itself, it has to do with thermal design. The pour point, low temperature viscosity and water content determine if the cooling system will work through the coldest night, while the type of oil defines the fire and environmental risk. With the correct information on paper the transformer will serve for years; otherwise one will pay dearly in the winter.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Specify pour point from the site&#8217;s extreme minimum plus margin, not from a catalog default.<\/li>\n<li>Choose naphthenic oil for cold regions; use esters only where fire or environment demands it.<\/li>\n<li>Verify low-temperature viscosity against the manufacturer&#8217;s circulation limit.<\/li>\n<li>Buy the oil and the transformer as one system, and put the certificate in the contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For oil-immersed transformers filled with the correct cold-grade oil and certified to IEC 60296, contact <strong>Jiangsu Subian Electric Power<\/strong> at <a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/\">www.subian-electric.com<\/a> \u2014 specify your site&#8217;s minimum temperature and the pour point requirement, and they will quote the filled unit with the certificate included.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A utility engineer located in the north of Canada is designing a specification for a 25 MVA transformer that will operate in a substation with temperature levels going below -40\u00b0C during the month of January. The transformers have large cooling devices, their tank is specially constructed to withstand the heavy wind and snow loadings, so [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10590,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10589"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11103,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10589\/revisions\/11103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}