{"id":10959,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10959"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:05","slug":"the-impact-of-policies-and-regulations-on-the-transformer-industry-and-the-orientation-of-green-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/fr\/blog\/the-impact-of-policies-and-regulations-on-the-transformer-industry-and-the-orientation-of-green-development\/","title":{"rendered":"L'Impact des Politiques et des R\u00e8glementations sur l'Industrie des Transformateurs et l'Orientation du D\u00e9veloppement Durable"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans une usine de transformateurs de taille moyenne \u00e0 Guangdong, le responsable de la conformit\u00e9 \u00e9tait actuellement en train de saisir son troisi\u00e8me tableau Excel de l'ann\u00e9e. Le premier tableau suivait les \u00e9valuations d'efficacit\u00e9 GB 20052 dans toutes les gammes de produits, et le deuxi\u00e8me suivait les incitations provinciales pour les transformateurs amorphes, mais le troisi\u00e8me, celui qu'il d\u00e9testait le plus, concernait la quantit\u00e9 de consommation d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de l'usine qui devait provenir de sources renouvelables dans le cadre de l'\u00e9valuation locale de la fabrication verte. Depuis 3 ans, le secteur manufacturier avait \u00e9volu\u00e9 de \u201cvendre des transformateurs peu importe comment ils sont fabriqu\u00e9s\u201d \u00e0 \u201cprouver l'\u00e9valuation d'efficacit\u00e9, prouver la cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement, prouver l'empreinte carbone.\u201d Son usine allait bien, mais il avait remarqu\u00e9 que 2 petits concurrents avaient d\u00fb arr\u00eater d'exporter car ils ne pouvaient plus r\u00e9pondre aux exigences d'efficacit\u00e9 des clients.<\/p>\n

Cet article explique comment la politique et la r\u00e9glementation<\/strong> red\u00e9finissent l'industrie des transformateurs, quels sont les principaux standards et r\u00e8gles, ce que signifie en pratique la direction du d\u00e9veloppement durable, et comment les acheteurs et les fabricants devraient r\u00e9agir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Les Trois Voies de la R\u00e9glementation des Transformateurs<\/h2>\n

La r\u00e9glementation des transformateurs ne peut plus \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une r\u00e8gle unique. Au lieu de cela, les entreprises et les clients doivent faire face \u00e0 une combinaison d'exigences appliqu\u00e9es par diverses organisations. Il y a trois domaines cl\u00e9s dans lesquels de nouvelles r\u00e9glementations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduites ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u2014 l'efficacit\u00e9, le carbone et le commerce. Par exemple, un transformateur qui r\u00e9pond aux exigences de la norme IEC 60076 mais qui ne r\u00e9ussit pas \u00e0 passer une classe d'efficacit\u00e9 locale ne peut pas \u00eatre vendu, tandis qu'un fabricant qui est conforme \u00e0 toutes les normes de produit pertinentes mais qui ne r\u00e9ussit pas l'\u00e9valuation verte ne pourra pas obtenir de soutien financier.<\/p>\n

Il n'y a aucun doute sur les progr\u00e8s des d\u00e9veloppements dans ce domaine. Tous les march\u00e9s significatifs, tels que la Chine, l'UE, les \u00c9tats-Unis, le Japon et l'Inde, ont appliqu\u00e9 des r\u00e8gles d'efficacit\u00e9 plus strictes pour les transformateurs que lors des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, tandis qu'un certain nombre de nouvelles r\u00e9glementations devraient appara\u00eetre bient\u00f4t. Un terme familier que l'on trouve partout (dans les \u00e9crits, les brochures) est le d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p>\n

Normes d'Efficacit\u00e9 : GB 20052, Ecodesign de l'UE, US DOE<\/h2>\n

Trois cadres d'efficacit\u00e9 dominent les achats mondiaux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Cadre<\/th>\nMarch\u00e9<\/th>\nStructure<\/th>\nExigence cl\u00e9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
GB 20052-2020<\/td>\nChine<\/td>\nClasses 1\u20133 pour les transformateurs de distribution<\/td>\nBase de la classe 2 ; classe 1 requise pour les programmes d'incitation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e8glement Ecodesign de l'UE 2019\/1783<\/td>\nUE<\/td>\nLimites de pertes de niveau 1 (juil 2021) et niveau 2 (juil 2024)<\/td>\nPlafonds de pertes par classification ; niveau 2 environ 10\u201315% plus strict<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
US DOE 10 CFR 431<\/td>\n\u00c9tats-Unis<\/td>\nNormes minimales d'efficacit\u00e9<\/td>\nClasses d'efficacit\u00e9 des transformateurs de distribution depuis janvier 2016, r\u00e9vis\u00e9es pour 2024\u20132026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Le concept central est la perte \u00e0 vide, qui est le terme d\u00e9signant la perte qui se produit chaque heure de chaque jour. Le niveau de r\u00e9glementation 2 en Europe a conduit de nombreux designs \u00e0 suivre la voie des noyaux en fer \u00e0 haute perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 et amorphes, tandis que la r\u00e9glementation de premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie en Chine exige la m\u00eame chose de nombreux transformateurs. Cela conduit \u00e0 la situation o\u00f9 ce que l'on appelle un \u201c transformateur standard \u201d en 2015 devient un \u201c transformateur inefficace \u201d en 2026 pour les acheteurs sur le march\u00e9 r\u00e9glement\u00e9 qui ne mentionnent pas quelle est la classe d'efficacit\u00e9 actuelle.<\/p>\n

Double Carbone et la Direction du D\u00e9veloppement Vert<\/h2>\n

Les doubles objectifs de pic de carbone et de neutralit\u00e9 ont guid\u00e9 les politiques de la Chine dans le domaine de la technologie des transformateurs de puissance depuis leur adoption. Les chiffres montrent que les transformateurs ont un impact tangible sur les pertes de r\u00e9seau. Par exemple, dans les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques chinois, les pertes de distribution sont estim\u00e9es \u00e0 5-8% de l'\u00e9nergie transmise \u00e0 travers eux, ce qui signifie que les pertes attribuables aux transformateurs sont assez consid\u00e9rables et proviennent du contenu en cuivre des fils ainsi que des pertes en fer caus\u00e9es par le noyau du transformateur.<\/p>\n

Dans le cadre des objectifs de double carbone de la Chine, les directions suivantes seront \u00e0 l'avant-garde des initiatives vertes pour l'industrie des transformateurs :<\/p>\n

Des classes de transformateurs plus efficaces deviennent de plus en plus une exigence plut\u00f4t qu'un luxe.
\nL'\u00e9tablissement d'un label de fabrique verte qui v\u00e9rifie l'\u00e9cologie des producteurs de transformateurs en fonction de leur consommation d'\u00e9nergie, de leurs \u00e9missions, ainsi que de leurs activit\u00e9s de d\u00e9chets et de recyclage.
\nUtilisation de mat\u00e9riaux \u00e9cologiques, y compris des mat\u00e9riaux amorphes pour le noyau du transformateur, ainsi que des huiles d'esters naturels.
\nAccent sur le processus de production et de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de l'achat de transformateur plut\u00f4t que de se concentrer uniquement sur le co\u00fbt initial.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, les pratiques actuelles d'\u00e9valuation des achats n\u00e9cessitent une prise en compte du compte carbone en plus des facteurs \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Instrument politique<\/th>\nQui il lie<\/th>\nForce d'application<\/th>\nEffet typique sur les achats<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Classes d'efficacit\u00e9 minimales (GB 20052 \/ EU Ecodesign \/ DOE)<\/td>\nFabricants et importateurs<\/td>\nObligatoire, acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9<\/td>\nLes mod\u00e8les \u00e0 faible efficacit\u00e9 disparaissent des catalogues<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c9tiquetage \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/td>\nFabricants<\/td>\nObligatoire l\u00e0 o\u00f9 des sch\u00e9mas existent<\/td>\nClasse d'efficacit\u00e9 visible sur la plaque signal\u00e9tique et le devis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Score d'achat vert dans les appels d'offres<\/td>\nAcheteurs (services publics, gouvernements)<\/td>\nContractuel, 5\u201310% de score<\/td>\nUnit\u00e9s certifi\u00e9es \u00e0 faible perte remportent les appels d'offres<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Subventions et incitations pour les unit\u00e9s de grade 1 \/ amorphes<\/td>\nAcheteurs<\/td>\nAdoption volontaire<\/td>\nR\u00e9duit le prix effectif de l'efficacit\u00e9 premium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbon trading and green certificates<\/td>\nEmitters and buyers<\/td>\nMarket-based<\/td>\nRaises the value of avoided transformer losses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Read down the table and the direction is clear: the stick of minimum grades combines with the carrot of subsidies and the gate of green scoring to push the whole market one way.<\/p>\n

Environmental Rules: SF6, Oil, and Recycling<\/h2>\n

Beyond efficiency, a second wave of regulation targets the environmental footprint of transformer technology itself:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rule \/ issue<\/th>\nPort\u00e9e<\/th>\nTransformer implication<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
EU F-gas Regulation 2024\/573<\/td>\nSF6 phase-down and use restrictions<\/td>\nSF6-insulated switchgear phased out; pressure on SF6-based transformer solutions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Waste oil and soil contamination rules<\/td>\nMineral oil handling, disposal, leakage<\/td>\nFavours biodegradable natural ester oils<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Extended producer responsibility (EPR)<\/td>\nEnd-of-life take-back in EU<\/td>\nRecyclability and oil disposal designed in from the start<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fire and life-safety codes<\/td>\nIndoor and urban installations<\/td>\nDrives dry-type and ester-oil adoption for indoor and high-density sites<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The SF6 story reflects the fiercest signal. Because SF6 has a greenhouse effect capability 25,200 greater than CO2, authorities in the EU and parts of North America have been limiting the use of it in the high-voltage electrical equipment. The producers of transformers have reacted with ester-oil and dry technologies solutions. Now, some designs operating at 10-35kV and using SF6 as an insulation medium have been using liquid\/solid insulation.<\/p>\n

Trade and Conformity: IEC, Labelling, Imports<\/h2>\n

Trade conformity is the third option, which is the mechanical evidence of a transformer conforming to the market needs of the importer. Some implications for international buyers are as follows:<\/p>\n

IEC 60076 test reports (type tests and routine tests) forming the basis for most export markets;
\nEnergy labelling systems where applicable and displaying efficiency class on the label and documents;
\nCustoms duties and tariffs in some regions that would impose customs duties on low-efficient transformer imports in order to protect domestic production from competition;
\nVendor qualification, where utilities frequently demand evidence of efficiency class for pre-qualification and reject those who cannot verify the level of losses.<\/p>\n

The burden of proving compliance is most of all a problem of smaller manufacturers, that is precisely why the spreadsheet of the factory manager from Guangdong was created. For the buyers, the benefit will be information provided, since each transformer is now sold with loss data and thus it became possible to verify it against the standard and to make comparable decisions.<\/p>\n

How Regulation Reshapes Products and Prices<\/h2>\n

The cumulative effect of these rules on product design is visible across the catalogue:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Product feature<\/th>\nPre-regulation typical<\/th>\nPost-regulation typical<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Core steel<\/td>\n0.30\u20130.35 mm conventional GOES<\/td>\n0.23\u20130.27 mm high-permeability or amorphous ribbon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
No-load loss, 1,000 kVA<\/td>\n1,500\u20132,100 W<\/td>\n700\u20131,100 W (grade 2), 350\u2013500 W (amorphous)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Insulation oil<\/td>\nMineral oil almost universal<\/td>\nMineral plus growing ester-oil share<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nameplate data<\/td>\nRating and basic data<\/td>\nEfficiency class, loss values, test references<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dur\u00e9e de vie de conception<\/td>\n20\u201325 years<\/td>\n25\u201335 years with loading discipline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The prices have changed along with the products. A grade 2 compliant unit comes at a price of 5\u201315% more compared to a non-compliant unit of a decade ago, while amorphous core units are priced 20-40% above the regular high-efficiency units. The operating cost aspect, however, favours the buyer even more: the lower losses of modern equipment can contribute more present value within 20 years than the entire price difference – which is the rationale behind the regulation.<\/p>\n

What It Means for Buyers<\/h2>\n

The altered regulatory environment influences procurement teams not only in terms of the purchasing process but also in the products they buy:
\nState the efficiency class \u2014 GB 20052 category, EU grade, or DOE classification along with loss data requirements in the bid.
\nAs per the standard IEC 60076, request evidence of test results \u2014 report on standard tests and type test results must be given.
\nConsider local benefits \u2014 about 5-15% of the product price can be covered by subsidies offered in some parts of China and in some EU programs.
\nInclude carbon in the scoring \u2014 if green criteria are present in the bidding process, the no-load loss must be noted, oil type used must be specified, and factory certification must be included.
\nBuy at least one efficiency class above the minimum standard complying with the payback requirements, as the minimum requirements will become stricter with time.<\/p>\n

Buying companies that treat regulations as a checklist are losing, while companies that are using them for shorter payback by means of subsidies are in a better position.<\/p>\n

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Compliance by Brand and Price Impact<\/h2>\n

Indicative pricing for a compliant 1,000 kVA 10\/0.4 kV distribution transformer, FOB by brand:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Marque<\/th>\nOrigine<\/th>\nGrade 2 price<\/th>\nGrade 1 \/ amorphous price<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hitachi Energy<\/td>\nJapan\/Global<\/td>\n$9,000\u2013$12,500<\/td>\n$12,500\u2013$18,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABB<\/td>\nSwitzerland\/Global<\/td>\n$8,500\u2013$12,000<\/td>\n$12,000\u2013$17,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Siemens Energy<\/td>\nGermany\/Global<\/td>\n$8,000\u2013$11,500<\/td>\n$11,500\u2013$16,500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Schneider Electric<\/td>\nFrance\/Global<\/td>\n$7,500\u2013$11,000<\/td>\n$11,000\u2013$15,500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jiangsu Subian Electric Power<\/td>\nChine<\/td>\n$4,000\u2013$7,000<\/td>\n$5,500\u2013$9,500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Prices vary with loss class, accessories, copper prices, and delivery terms; treat these as planning ranges, not quotes.<\/p>\n

The premium brands anchor the market with global test programs and service networks. The Chinese tier competes on delivering the same efficiency classes at 40\u201350% lower first cost, which matters when incentives and tariffs already make efficiency economics favourable. Jiangsu Subian Electric Power<\/strong> is a Chinese transformer manufacturer<\/strong> whose distribution and power transformer lines are built and tested to IEC 60076, with GB 20052 grade 1\u20132 designs including amorphous-core and ester-oil options. Subian holds green factory credentials, publishes loss values with every quotation, and exports compliant units to utilities across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South America \u2014 its product range and certifications are on subian-electric.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Outlook for Green Transformers<\/h2>\n

The looming scenarios indicate three certainties regarding regulations for the period from five to ten years ahead of us. To start with, the standards related to efficiency minimums are expected to intensify once again. The announcement that the EU will hold tier reviews beyond 2024 confirms that more tight regulations will be introduced in China as well. In addition, carbon accounting will evolve from being factory-based to product-based. Therefore, the manufacturers will have to submit the documentation on carbon footprint similarly to how the loss figures are provided nowadays. Finally, green purchasing will be driven by its default status rather than being an exception. Hence, the companies that use green purchasing are likely to employ their environmental conditions when making huge bids.<\/p>\n

Manufacturers who can make a successful transition from testing to meeting the standards will be the ones who view compliance as a design factor rather than meeting the regulations. This is exactly the fundamental difference between those manufacturers who only test their products compared to those who comply with relevant environmental regulations.<\/p>\n

Questions Fr\u00e9quemment Pos\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

What is the most important transformer efficiency standard globally?<\/h3>\n

IEC 60076 remains the international test and rating baseline, but efficiency itself is regulated regionally: GB 20052 in China, EU Ecodesign Regulation 2019\/1783 in the EU, and 10 CFR 431 (DOE) in the US. For export procurement, specify both IEC 60076 testing and the destination market’s efficiency class.<\/p>\n

How much more does a compliant green transformer cost?<\/h3>\n

A GB 20052 grade 2 1,000 kVA unit runs about $4,000\u2013$7,000 FOB from Chinese manufacturers; grade 1 amorphous-core versions run $5,500\u2013$9,500. Premium European and Japanese brands are typically 50\u201380% higher. Loss-class premiums are partly offset by efficiency subsidies in several markets.<\/p>\n

Does regulation really affect transformer prices?<\/h3>\n

Yes, at both ends. Minimum-efficiency rules push first costs up 5\u201315% versus older designs, and premium materials (amorphous cores, ester oil) add 20\u201340%. But operating costs fall because losses are lower; over a 20-year life, the efficiency gain typically outweighs the price increase.<\/p>\n

What are China’s dual carbon goals, and how do they affect transformers?<\/h3>\n

China has committed to peaking carbon emissions before 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality before 2060. For transformers, that means stricter efficiency grades, green factory certification for manufacturers, low-carbon materials like amorphous cores and ester oils, and carbon-weighted procurement scoring in utility tenders.<\/p>\n

Do I need different documentation to import transformers now?<\/h3>\n

Yes \u2014 expect to show routine and type test reports per IEC 60076, loss values, efficiency class, and sometimes energy labelling. Several markets restrict low-efficiency imports, and utilities increasingly refuse bidders without efficiency-class evidence. Third-party inspection of test reports is standard practice for larger orders.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n