{"id":10789,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:16","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10789"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:16","slug":"new-photovoltaic-new-energy-substation-put-into-operation-boostin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/news\/new-photovoltaic-new-energy-substation-put-into-operation-boostin\/","title":{"rendered":"\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u592a\u967d\u5149\u767a\u96fb\u65b0\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u96fb\u6240\u304c\u7a3c\u50cd\u958b\u59cb\u3001\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u79fb\u884c\u3092\u4fc3\u9032"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A 100 MW solar facility operator in southern Spain is vying against its two-month timeline. The panels were set up on the ground, the inverters passing factory testing, the offtake contract inked \u2014 and yet, the point of connection still remained vacant. Building a normal substation would involve at least ten weeks of civil work. However, a photovoltaic (PV) new-energy substation, a prefabricated medium \/ low voltage substation created uniquely for solar plants, was delivered on one freight, assembled on concrete foundation within three days, and started working in the week of commissioning. Similar cases can be found in different corners of the world where solar capacity is expanding.<\/p>\n<p>This article discusses what a PV new-energy substation is, how it deviates from a conventional distribution substation, what it consists of, how much it costs, and how the developers and EPC contractors are to describe and order such substation. It covers the ratings range from 630 kVA to 4 MVA, refers to IEC 62271-202, IEC 60076, IEEE 1547, and gives examples of real costs available in the current export market.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A photovoltaic (PV) new-energy substation refers to a pre-assembled MV\/LV substation that connects a solar energy plant to the grid. The assembly includes a step-up transformer, which is usually rated between 630 kVA and 4,000 kVA, a set of MV and LV switchgear, protections from AC and DC, wires connecting the inverter, and measuring equipment enclosed per the outdoor cabinet in accordance with IEC 62271-202. It also facilitates stepping up the inverter output voltage from 400-800 V to the grid level of 10-35 kV as well as protection from the grid and revenue metering.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10790\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/New-Photovoltaic-New-Energy-Substation-Put-Into-Operation-Boostin.webp\" alt=\"New Photovoltaic New Energy Substation Put Into Operation Boostin\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"what\">What Is a PV New-Energy Substation?<\/h2>\n<p>The PV-based new energy station is an innovative power generation center, created and manufactured specifically for that junction where solar plants connect the power grid. Sometimes it can be referred to as a solar substation, inverter station substation, or new energy substation.<\/p>\n<p>Such substations have an innovative design in terms of their capacity to fulfill specific requirements of solar generation. In particular, it is capable of dealing with the variability of the power output of solar facilities, fast dynamic variation of the capacity, harmonics generated by inverters, and comply with requirements of grid codes regarding the management of voltage, reactive power, and islanding process.<\/p>\n<p>A PV new-energy substation usually operates at the separation line of the inverter system and electric grid facilities. In its low voltage section, a PV new energy substation connects to one or several central or string inverter stations (with DC bus voltage in the range of 800-1500 V and AC output voltage of 400-690 V). In regard to the medium voltage section, it connects to the collection network (at the voltage of 10, 20, 22, or 35 kV), supporting the upstream high-voltage substation which is responsible for increasing voltage to the transmission line level of 110-220 kV.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"role\">The Role of the Substation in a Solar Plant<\/h2>\n<p>Electricity generated at a utility-scale solar power facility cannot be sent to the grid unless the interconnecting substation performs the four vital jobs listed below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Voltage conversion: Increasing electric current from the inverter&#8217;s operational voltage between 400 and 800 V into the medium voltage (10\u201335 kV) thus decreasing resistance losses along the entire installation.<\/li>\n<li>Grid protection: Monitoring over- and under-voltage, over- and under-frequency as well as unintentional downtime of generation in order to disconnect the plant in the given period of time with accordance to regulatory norms (usually 0.2 to 2 seconds).<\/li>\n<li>Billing: Calculating the energy produced by the plant and delivered to the grid with appropriate precision (usually class 0.2 or 0.5).<\/li>\n<li>Switching and isolating: Providing reliable isolation of the installation for the purpose of effective maintenance and preventive shutdown.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Since solar power generation is characterized by its inconstancy and variations \u2014 the clouds passing by may cause a sudden drop in the performance of the plant by 60% within 30 seconds \u2014 the protection and management of the installation should be much faster and more precise compared to traditional electricity networks where power changes slower.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10791\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Structure-and-Key-Components.webp\" alt=\"Structure and Key Components\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"structure\">Structure and Key Components<\/h2>\n<p>Typically, a PV-specific MV\/LV substation consists of different compartments placed inside an enclosure that protects from weather conditions (either stainless steel or galvanized steel according to the IP 54 standard provided in IEC 60529):<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Compartment<\/th>\n<th>Main Equipment<\/th>\n<th>\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u5b9a\u683c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>LV inverter-side compartment<\/td>\n<td>LV switchboard, AC breakers, surge arresters, protection relays, string\/monitoring terminations<\/td>\n<td>400\u2013690 V, 1,000\u20134,000 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Transformer compartment<\/td>\n<td>Step-up transformer, oil containment, forced or natural ventilation<\/td>\n<td>630\u20134,000 kVA, 10\u201335 kV \/ 0.4\u20130.69 kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MV grid-side compartment<\/td>\n<td>RMU or vacuum breaker, metering CTs\/VTs, surge arresters, relay panel<\/td>\n<td>10\u201335 kV, 630 A busbar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Control and auxiliaries<\/td>\n<td>DC supply, heaters, SCADA\/RTU, telecommunication links, anti-condensation control<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>As opposed to standard power distribution units, the protection complexity of PV substations is more diverse; for instance, inverter interlocking, directional overcurrents, limitation of voltage and frequency according to grid codes, along with the anti-islanding system are implemented in one relay system (usually with redundancy for plants with output greater than 1MW).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how\">How the PV Substation Works<\/h2>\n<p>During the daytime, solar panels generate direct current electricity at up to 1 500 volts. The inverters then produce three-phase alternating current at 400 to 690 volts and feed this into the utility grid. The substation increases this to medium-voltage level and feeds it into the grid via a protective switch.<\/p>\n<p>The transformer load variable depends upon the solar radiation and not the constant load of the industry. Because of this, the load behavior has some particular characteristics: it is almost zero before sunrise, rises to a certain level in the morning, attains the peak level at noon, and becomes almost zero again by sunset. Thermal design is very important as the transformer\u2019s thermal cycles may happen every day \u2014 a transformer that was designed properly uses oil temperature monitors and forced air cooling on a higher scale to avoid fast aging of its insulating material. PV-specialized producers generally provide transformers with the tested load profiles and with lower ratings for hot climates.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to protection, the exploded view system measures voltage, frequency, and current on the outlet of the transformer. If, for any reason, the grid fails, the system sends a signal to the switchgear to isolate the plant within the required time, usually measured in seconds.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"types\">Types and Configurations<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u69cb\u6210<\/th>\n<th>\u8aac\u660e<\/th>\n<th>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Single MV\/LV unit<\/td>\n<td>One transformer plus MV and LV switchgear<\/td>\n<td>Commercial\/industrial rooftops, 0.5\u20135 MW plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Central inverter station unit<\/td>\n<td>Unit integrated with central inverter housing<\/td>\n<td>Utility-scale plants using central inverters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>String-inverter unit<\/td>\n<td>LV switchgear optimized for multiple string inverters<\/td>\n<td>Large arrays with distributed inverters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Skid-mounted unit<\/td>\n<td>All equipment on a transportable steel skid<\/td>\n<td>Fast-track and remote sites<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Split MV\/HV arrangement<\/td>\n<td>Several MV\/LV units feeding one central HV substation<\/td>\n<td>Plants above 20 MW with 110\u2013220 kV export<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In the case of plants ranging from 5 MW to 100 MW, the widespread practice is to make use of MV\/LV units with one single unit for every 2-10 MW of inverter capacity, and a central high voltage substation. This modular concept allows the construction to be phased and spare parts to be standardized, and it allows them to choose power based on the arrangements of the panels.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"compare\">PV Substation vs. Standard Distribution Substation<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u8981\u56e0<\/th>\n<th>PV New-Energy Substation<\/th>\n<th>Standard Distribution Substation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Load profile<\/td>\n<td>Variable, solar-driven, daily cycling<\/td>\n<td>Relatively stable or peaky demand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4fdd\u8b77<\/td>\n<td>Anti-islanding, directional, grid-code thresholds<\/td>\n<td>Basic O\/C, E\/F, earth fault<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reactive power<\/td>\n<td>Regulated, often 0.95 leading\/lagging<\/td>\n<td>Usually passive or uncorrected<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Metering<\/td>\n<td>Bidirectional, class 0.2s\/0.5s export metering<\/td>\n<td>Single-directional billing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SCADA<\/td>\n<td>Always, with remote control and data logging<\/td>\n<td>Often optional<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u5b9a\u683c<\/td>\n<td>630\u20134,000 kVA per unit<\/td>\n<td>50\u20132,500 kVA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Harmonics<\/td>\n<td>Inverter-induced, filter considerations<\/td>\n<td>Minor in most loads<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In this case, it is due to the higher level of complexity when it comes to protection and stricter compliance with the grid code that the cost of the standard unit and that of the PV system differ.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"specs\">Typical Specifications<\/h2>\n<p>Here is the specification for a 2000 kVA PV system working at 22 kV voltage level.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf<\/th>\n<th>\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u5024<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Transformer rating<\/td>\n<td>2,000 kVA, oil-immersed, ONAN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voltage ratio<\/td>\n<td>22 kV \/ 0.69 kV (also 10\/20\/33\/35 kV options)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7<\/td>\n<td>Dyn11 or Dyn5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7121\u8ca0\u8377\u640d\u5931<\/td>\n<td>~2.2\u20133.0 kW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Load loss at 75\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>~16\u201320 kW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u96fb\u5727<\/td>\n<td>6%\u20138%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>LV\u30b9\u30a4\u30c3\u30c1\u30ae\u30a2<\/td>\n<td>2,500\u20134,000 A ACB, inverter terminations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MV\u30b9\u30a4\u30c3\u30c1\u30ae\u30a2<\/td>\n<td>SF6 or solid-insulated RMU \/ vacuum breaker, 20\u201325 kA\/3s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4fdd\u8b77<\/td>\n<td>Numerical relay: 50\/51, 50N\/51N, 27\/59, 81, anti-islanding, directional<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Metering<\/td>\n<td>Class 0.5s or 0.2s revenue meters, CTs\/VTs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30a8\u30f3\u30af\u30ed\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3<\/td>\n<td>IP54, galvanized base, anti-corrosion coating for coastal sites<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ambient design<\/td>\n<td>Up to 50\u00b0C with tropical derating curve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u898f\u683c<\/td>\n<td>IEC 62271-202, IEC 60076, IEC 60529, IEEE 1547 (N. America)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Regular and special verification tests are based on IEC 60076 and IEC 62271-202 standards. The protective settings of the system should be checked against the utility&#8217;s grid code, in case the plant is selling energy to the grid.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"applications\">Where PV Substations Are Used<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Utility scale ground-mounted facilities: facilities operating between the range of 5-300 megawatts that also have distributed middle voltage\/low voltage installations and one centralized high voltage substation.<\/li>\n<li>Commercial and industrial rooftops: solar facilities operating in the range of 0.5 to 10 megawatts of electricity with both behind-the-meter and front-of-meter connections.<\/li>\n<li>Floating solar: solar plants which are established on pontoon rafts or nearby land structures, thus providing anti-corrosion protections.<\/li>\n<li>Agrivoltaics: solar power generation with cultivation of agricultural produce on the same piece of land.<\/li>\n<li>Hybrid plants: solar facilities combined with storage or wind, having a facility for conversion of multiple energy sources.<\/li>\n<li>Distributed generation programs involve small facilities providing various programs and one such program is community solar schemes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Apart from solar application, similar systems are applied for battery energy storage systems.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"standards\">Standards, Grid Codes, and Testing<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6a19\u6e96<\/th>\n<th>\u7bc4\u56f2<\/th>\n<th>Relevance to PV Substations<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 62271-202<\/td>\n<td>Prefabricated transformer substations<\/td>\n<td>Complete-unit design, enclosure, type testing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 60076<\/td>\n<td>\u96fb\u529b\u5909\u5727\u5668<\/td>\n<td>Transformer rating, losses, tests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 60529<\/td>\n<td>IP enclosure protection<\/td>\n<td>IP54\/IP55 for outdoor exposure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEC 60255<\/td>\n<td>Measuring relays and protection equipment<\/td>\n<td>Relay accuracy and performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEEE 1547<\/td>\n<td>Interconnection of distributed resources (N. America)<\/td>\n<td>Grid-code protection and interconnection requirements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Local grid codes<\/td>\n<td>Country-specific (e.g., GCC, EU EN 50549, national TSO rules)<\/td>\n<td>Voltage\/frequency ride-through, anti-islanding times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Download the certificate of compliance with the grid-code regulations applicable to your country. The same device can comply with EN 50549 (the European code) or IEEE 1547 (the code applicable to North America) or with national codes only if the firmware and settings of a relay are configured for proper jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"costs\">Costs and Price Ranges<\/h2>\n<p>Price estimates for full PV-specific substation units (step-up transformer, MV\/LV switchgear, protection devices, metering instruments, fiberglass structure):<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5b9a\u683c<\/th>\n<th>Voltage Class<\/th>\n<th>\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u4fa1\u683c\uff08USD\uff09<\/th>\n<th>\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>630\u20131,000 kVA<\/td>\n<td>10\u201335 kV<\/td>\n<td>$12,000\u2013$25,000<\/td>\n<td>7\u201312 weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1,250\u20132,000 kVA<\/td>\n<td>10\u201335 kV<\/td>\n<td>$16,000\u2013$35,000<\/td>\n<td>8\u201314 weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2,500\u20133,150 kVA<\/td>\n<td>10\u201335 kV<\/td>\n<td>$30,000\u2013$60,000<\/td>\n<td>10\u201316 weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3,550\u20134,000 kVA<\/td>\n<td>10\u201335 kV<\/td>\n<td>$45,000\u2013$90,000<\/td>\n<td>12\u201320 weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For stainless-steel or corrosion-proof enclosures add 15-30%, 10-20% more for dry-type transformers, plus $1,500-5,000 for advanced protection relays, class 0.2 metering, and full SCADA. The above-mentioned prices are indicative FOB and vary by specification, manufacturer and region.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"brands\">Top Brands &amp; Price Comparison<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9<\/th>\n<th>\u56fd<\/th>\n<th>Strength in Solar<\/th>\n<th>Indicative Price \u2014 2,000 kVA (USD)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b7\u30e5\u30ca\u30a4\u30c0\u30fc\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af<\/td>\n<td>\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9<\/td>\n<td>Integrated inverter\/substation solutions, global service<\/td>\n<td>$38,000\u2013$60,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b7\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30b9<\/td>\n<td>\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4<\/td>\n<td>Digital grid solutions, strong utility references<\/td>\n<td>$40,000\u2013$65,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ABB<\/td>\n<td>Switzerland<\/td>\n<td>PV station range, inverter synergy, grid support<\/td>\n<td>$38,000\u2013$62,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30a4\u30fc\u30c8\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>USA<\/td>\n<td>North American market, IEEE 1547 compliance<\/td>\n<td>$34,000\u2013$55,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sungrow \/ Huawei (integrated solutions)<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u56fd<\/td>\n<td>Inverter + station packages at scale<\/td>\n<td>$32,000\u2013$58,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c5f\u8607\u7701\u8607\u8fba\u96fb\u529b<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u56fd<\/td>\n<td>IEC 62271-202 PV substations, OEM, export<\/td>\n<td>$16,000\u2013$35,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The major international players and inverter manufacturers are bundling the substations with ecosystem support, digital platforms, and local compliance teams, which is attractive for big utility tenders. Jiangsu Subian Electric Power is supplying IEC-compliant PV-specific substations (step-up transformers, MV\/LV switchgear, grid-code protection, and SCADA-equipped metering) at about 40%-55% of the prices valid for Europe. Factory-type tests and OEM customizations are performed for EPC contractors and developers of solar parks. In projects where substations are one of dozens of identical units it is that combination of being certified, cheaper, and customized that makes Subian a realistic competitor to big brands.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10792\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/How-to-Specify-and-Buy-1.webp\" alt=\"How to Specify and Buy.\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"howtochoose\">How to Specify and Buy<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Calculate the inverter&#8217;s output capacity &#8211; that is the sum of the AC output capacity in kVA at the inverter terminals, taking into account the 10 to 20% design margin for ambient correction.<\/li>\n<li>Establish the export voltage and grid connection point, such as 10\/20\/22\/35 kV collection, as per the utility requirement.<\/li>\n<li>Select the transformer type from either of the following &#8211; oil-immersed for ground-mounted applications and dry for enclosed environments or fire-sensitive sites.<\/li>\n<li>Check grid code compliance requirements i.e. anti-islanding times, ride-through voltage, reactive power ability etc. as per your country\u2019s grid codes.<\/li>\n<li>Ask for complete tests in accordance with IEC 62271-202 standards including temperature test on the complete device fitting.<\/li>\n<li>Design the protection scheme according to the relay coordination study requirements. Also, ask for redundancy in device protection if the total capacity of the plant is more than 1 MW.<\/li>\n<li>Compare using assessed losses and reliability throughout 25 years rather than the first cost.<\/li>\n<li>Check the enclosure and corrosion resistance of the device if it is needed for coastal or desert or highly humid locations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f<\/h2>\n<h3>What is a PV new-energy substation?<\/h3>\n<p>PV new-energy substation is a type of MV\/LV substation manufactured in factory and linking solar plant with the grid. It transforms AC voltage produced by an inverter (400 to 800) into MV voltage (10 to 35 kV) and provides necessary grid-code assurance such as anti-islanding functionality and metering of the energy consumed. Substations of this kind usually comprise a step-up transformer with capacity ranging from 630 to 4,000 kVA, MV and LV switchgear, protection relays, and housing made in accordance with the requirements stated in the IEC 62271-202.<\/p>\n<h3>How much does a PV substation cost?<\/h3>\n<p>The cost of the completed equipment varies from $12,000 to $25,000 for 630 to 1,000 kVA to $45,000 \u2013 $90,000 for 3,550 to 4,000 kVA. The price is variable depending on the type of transformer and switchgears used and the protection system applied. Additional materials used add approximately 15-30% to the price, dry-type transformers \u2013 10-20%, SCADA technology \u2013 $1,500-5,000. Note that these prices do not include transportation, and variation throughout the region is possible.<\/p>\n<h3>Do I need a separate substation for my solar plant?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, unless the interconnection point is provided by the utility. Solar plants cannot provide energy unless the energy is transformed into MV. For plants up to 5 MW it is usually possible to build just one substation combining MV\/LV technologies. For larger plants, more than one substation will typically be needed, and also a hydration high-voltage substation.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the difference between a PV substation and a normal box-type substation?<\/h3>\n<p>PV substation differs from the ordinary substance by some added features provided for the solar energy management such as the protection from anti-islanding operation, voltage and frequency hold-through and others. Ordinary substations do not have these practices. Substituting one for another requires the preparation of the protection engineering document and usually fails meeting the grid-code.<\/p>\n<h3>How long does it take to install a PV substation?<\/h3>\n<p>Installation itself lasts 2-5 days when the concrete foundation and bolts are ready, and commissioning processes begin at the earlier date. Factory testing speed advantages provided that the foundation and cables are precise. Total time for the project is around 8-16 weeks from the order placement moment.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 62271-202 \u2014 Prefabricated substations<\/a> \u2014 governing standard for PV substation enclosure design, safety, and complete-unit type testing.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/iec.ch\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076 series \u2014 Power transformers<\/a> \u2014 base standard for ratings, losses, and testing of the step-up transformer.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE 1547 \u2014 Interconnection of Distributed Energy Resources<\/a> \u2014 North American grid-interconnection and protection requirements.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60255 \u2014 Measuring relays and protection equipment<\/a> \u2014 relay accuracy and performance requirements.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IRENA \u2014 Renewable capacity statistics<\/a> \u2014 data on solar capacity growth and substation demand.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. DOE \u2014 Solar energy interconnection guides<\/a> \u2014 practical interconnection requirements for utility-scale solar.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Jiangsu Subian Electric Power \u2014 official site<\/a> \u2014 manufacturer and exporter of IEC-certified PV substations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u7d50\u8ad6<\/h2>\n<p>Photovoltaic new energy substations are the technological connection between solar plants and the grid, and thus they have turned into an integral part of utility-scale project implementation. They are manufactured in factories, tested as a finished unit, and installed within several days. The substation are created specifically to meet the requirements of different indicators related to solar energy production including voltage fluctuations, protection needs, and grid code requirements.<\/p>\n<p>Summary of the information:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Select the power ratings of the substation in terms of inverter capacity increased by 10-20% and check the voltage level against the voltage acceptable by the utility as soon as possible.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure that there was someone responsible for considering whether the standard distribution units could be replaced by photovoltaic-specific technology.<\/li>\n<li>Be sure that there has been done the check for compliance with grid standards including anti-islanding, ride through and reactive power regulations applicable in your country.<\/li>\n<li>Obtain the IEC 62271-202 certification and compare it according to the losses occurred during 25 years.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure that the well-known brands like Schneider, Siemens, and ABB are acceptable against those suppliers whose products have been certified according to IEC standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 100 MW solar facility operator in southern Spain is vying against its two-month timeline. The panels were set up on the ground, the inverters passing factory testing, the offtake contract inked \u2014 and yet, the point of connection still remained vacant. Building a normal substation would involve at least ten weeks of civil work. However, a photovoltaic (PV) new-energy substation, a prefabricated medium \/ low voltage substation created uniquely for solar plants, was delivered on one freight, assembled on concrete foundation within three days, and started working in the week of commissioning. Similar cases can be found in different corners of the world where solar capacity is expanding. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10790,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10789"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10992,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10789\/revisions\/10992"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}