{"id":10677,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10677"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:21","slug":"how-to-select-the-on-load-tap-changer-for-a-main-power-transformer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/news\/how-to-select-the-on-load-tap-changer-for-a-main-power-transformer\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc8fc \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd80\ud558 \uc804\ud658\uae30\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ucc45\uc784 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc804\uccb4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 33 kV \ubc30\uc804 \ubc84\uc2a4\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 132\/33 kV \uc804\uc555\uc758 40 MVA \uc6a9\ub7c9\uc758 \uc8fc \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc591\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc644\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uae30\ub41c \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc628\ub85c\ub4dc \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc81c\uc870\uc5c5\uccb4\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \uc900\ube44\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ube44\uc6a9\uc740 30%\ub9cc\ud07c \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc720\uc9c0\ubcf4\uc218 \uac04\uaca9\uc740 3\ubc30 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ub098\uace0, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc124\uacc4 \uac04\uc758 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uba54\ud2b8\ub9ad\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc2dc\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub294 \uc628\ub85c\ub4dc \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9\uc774 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 30\ub144 \uc6b4\uc601 \ube44\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774 \uae30\uc0ac\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \uc8fc \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc628\ub85c\ub4dc \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800 \uc120\ud0dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ud0ed \ubc94\uc704, \ub2e8\uacc4 \ud06c\uae30, \uc804\ub958 \ubc0f \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc804\uc555 \uc815\uaca9, \uc800\ud56d\ud615\uacfc \uc9c4\uacf5\ud615\uc758 \ucc28\uc774, \ube44\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uacf5\uae09\uc5c5\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc804\uc1a1\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc0ac\uc591\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\ub2f5\ubcc0: \uc628\ub85c\ub4dc \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800 \uc7a5\uce58\ub294 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uac00 \ubd80\ud558 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc77c \ub54c \uad8c\uc120\uc758 \ud0ed\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uacf5\uae09 \uc911\ub2e8 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. 10 MVA \u2013 60 MVA \uc720\ub2db\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc124\uc815 \ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uac01\uac01 \uc57d \u00b1 8 \u00d7 1.25% \ub610\ub294 \u00b1 6 \u00d7 2.5%\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. OLTC \uc7a5\uce58\ub294 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc5f0\uc18d \uc815\uaca9\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud1b5\uacfc \uc804\ub958\ub85c \uc815\uaca9\ub418\uba70, \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc804\uc555\uc740 \uad8c\uc120\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10678\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/How-To-Select-The-On-Load-Tap-Changer-For-A-Main-Power-Transformer.webp\" alt=\"How To Select The On Load Tap Changer For A Main Power Transformer\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"what-is\">\uc628\ub85c\ub4dc \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/h2>\n<p>\uc628\ub85c\ub4dc \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800(OLTC)\ub294 \uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc911\uc77c \ub54c \uc870\uc815 \ucf54\uc77c\uc758 \ud0ed \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ub825 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\ub294 \ubaa8\ud130 \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc7a5\uce58\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud0ed\uc744 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a4\uac70\ub098 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubcc0\ud658 \ube44\uc728\uacfc \ucd9c\ub825 \uc804\uc704\ucc28\ub97c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70, \uc774\ub294 OLTC\uac00 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\ud558 \ubc0f \uc18c\uc2a4 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc804\uc555 \uc870\uc808 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58\uc778 OLTC\ub294 \uc815\ubc00 \uae30\uae30\uc774\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc2a4\uc704\uce6d\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uba70, OLTC\uac00 \ub9c8\ubaa8\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc2a4\uc704\uce6d \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \uc218\ucc9c \ubc88 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"why-oltc\">\uc8fc \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uac00 \uc65c \ud558\ub098 \ud544\uc694\ud560\uae4c?<\/h2>\n<p>\ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ub294 \uc1a1\uc804 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uacfc \ubc30\uc804 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc124\uce58\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc591\ucabd\uc740 \uc218\uc694 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud558\ub8e8 \uc885\uc77c \ubd80\ud558 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\ub4dc \uad6c\uc131\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc1a1\uc804 \uc804\uc555\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud574\ub2f9 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc6a9\ub7c9\uc774 40 MVA\uc77c \ub54c, \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4 \uac15\ud558\ub9cc \ud574\ub3c4 6-12% \uc0ac\uc774\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc804\ubd80\ud558 \ub610\ub294 \ubb34\ubd80\ud558\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uc555 \uac15\ud558\uc5d0 \uba87 \ud37c\uc13c\ud2b8 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac8c\ub2e4\uac00, 33 kV \ubc84\uc2a4\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc804\uc555\ubcf4\ub2e4 5-8% \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c8 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \uc804\uc555 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubc94\uc704 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, OLTC\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub3d9 \uc804\uc555 \uc870\uc815\uae30(AVR)\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-it-works\">OLTC\uac00 \uc911\ub2e8 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc804\ud658\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n<p>OLTC\ub294 \ub450 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc120\ud0dd\uae30\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud65c\uc131 \ud0ed\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \uad8c\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud0ed \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8\ub97c \uae30\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc3e\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc120\ud0dd\uae30 \uc791\ub3d9\uc740 \uc804\ub958 \uac12\uc774 0\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4, \uc6d0\uc8fc \ud0ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud0ed\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc774\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub2e4\uc774\ubc84\ud130 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ud658 \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4\ub294 \uc120\ud0dd\uae30\uc640 \ub2e4\uc774\ubc84\ud130 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubc30\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc804\ub958 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc800\ud56d \ub2e4\uc774\ubc84\ud130\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubc30\uce58\ub41c \ud558\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc804\ud658 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc791\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ud56d \uac12\uc740 \uacfc\uc815 \uc911 \uc804\ub958 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \ucd5c\uc18c\uac12\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uc120\ud0dd\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10679\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Resistor-vs.-Vacuum-vs.-Reactor-OLTC.webp\" alt=\"\uc800\ud56d\ud615 OLTC vs. \uc9c4\uacf5\ud615 OLTC vs. \ub9ac\uc561\ud130\ud615 OLTC\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"types\">\uc800\ud56d\ud615 OLTC vs. \uc9c4\uacf5\ud615 OLTC vs. \ub9ac\uc561\ud130\ud615 OLTC<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\ud2b9\uc131<\/th>\n<th>\uc800\ud56d\ud615 OLTC<\/th>\n<th>\uc9c4\uacf5\ud615 OLTC<\/th>\n<th>\ub9ac\uc561\ud130\ud615 OLTC (\uad6c\ud615)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc544\ud06c \uc18c\uba78<\/td>\n<td>\uc624\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc804\ud658 \uc800\ud56d\uacfc \ud568\uaed8<\/td>\n<td>\uc9c4\uacf5 \ucc28\ub2e8\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c<\/td>\n<td>\uc804\ud658 \ub9ac\uc561\ud130\uc640 \ud568\uaed8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc624\uc77c \uc624\uc5fc\ub960<\/td>\n<td>\ub192\uc74c; \uc2a4\uc704\uce6d \uc2dc \uc624\uc77c\uc774 \ud0c4\ud654\ub428<\/td>\n<td>\ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc74c; \uc624\uc77c\uc774 \uae68\ub057\ud568<\/td>\n<td>\ub0ae\uc74c-\uc911\uac04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc720\uc9c0\ubcf4\uc218 \uac04\uaca9<\/td>\n<td>~100,000 \ud68c\uc791\ub3d9<\/td>\n<td>~300,000 \ud68c\uc791\ub3d9<\/td>\n<td>\ub2e4\uc591\ud568; \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uad6c\ud615<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ucd08\uae30 \ube44\uc6a9<\/td>\n<td>$3,000-$18,000<\/td>\n<td>$5,000-$30,000<\/td>\n<td>\ub4dc\ubb3c\uac8c; \uacf5\uae09\uc5c5\uccb4\uac00 \uc801\uc74c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uac00\uc7a5 \uc801\ud569\ud55c<\/td>\n<td>\ubc30\uc804 \ubc0f \uc911\uc804\ub825, \uc608\uc0b0\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8<\/td>\n<td>\uc804\ub825 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30, \ube48\ubc88\ud55c \uc791\ub3d9, \ubb34\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8<\/td>\n<td>\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc124\uacc4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc8fc \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc800\ud56d\ud615 \ub610\ub294 \uc9c4\uacf5\ud615 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ud56d\ud615\uc740 \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\uc73c\uba70 \ucd08\uae30 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub0ae\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc9c4\uacf5\ud615\uc740 \uc720\uc9c0\ubcf4\uc218 \uac04\uaca9\uc774 \uae38\uace0 \uc624\uc77c \uad50\uccb4 \uc694\uad6c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \uc801\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ucd08\uae30 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub354 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc624\uc77c \uad50\uccb4\uac00 \ud604\uc7a5 \ubc29\ubb38\uacfc \ub2e4\uc6b4\ud0c0\uc784\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ubb34\uc778 \ubcc0\uc804\uc18c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uace0\ub824 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"range\">\ud0ed \ubc94\uc704 \ubc0f \ub2e8\uacc4 \ud06c\uae30 \uc120\ud0dd<\/h2>\n<p>\ud0ed \ubc94\uc704\ub294 \uc804\uc555 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc758 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc804\uc555 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ubd80\ud558 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c 1\ucc28 \uce21\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uacfc \ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4; \uc2e4\uc81c \uadf8\ub9ac\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\ub7c9 \ubc0f \uc804\ubd80\ud558 \uc870\uac74 \uac04\uc5d0 \u00b13-8% \ubcc0\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uc784\ud53c\ub358\uc2a4\uc758 \uac10\uc18c\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\ub300 \uc6a9\ub7c9\uc5d0\uc11c 10-40 MVA\uc758 \uc804\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc870\uc815\uc740 4-8%\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uba70, \ud0ed\uc740 \uc18c\uc2a4\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uac10\uc18c\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 1.25% \ub2e8\uacc4\ub294 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc870\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub300\ud615 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \uc18c\ud615 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ub294 2.5% \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ubc94\uc704\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u00b18\u00d71.25% \ud0ed \ubc94\uc704\ub294 16\ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \u00b110%\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uba70, \u00b16\u00d72.5% \ud0ed \ubc94\uc704\ub294 12\ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \u00b115%\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 10MVA\uc5d0\uc11c 60MVA \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc94\uc704\uac00 \ud45c\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ud0dd\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub9b4\ub808\uc774\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc84\uc2a4 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 AVR\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubcf4\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624. \uc2dc\uac04 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud5cc\ud305\uc744 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc218\ub294 \uc5b8\uae09\ub41c \uc694\uad6c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ucd94\uc815\uc740 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4: \ubc94\uc704\uac00 \uc881\uc73c\uba74 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uac00 \ucd5c\uc545\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \ubc94\uc704\uac00 \ub108\ubb34 \ub113\uc73c\uba74 OLTC \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \uc870\uc815 \uad8c\uc120\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd94\uac00 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud568\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ratings\">\uc804\ub958 \ubc0f \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc804\uc555 \uc815\uaca9 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\ub4f1\uae09<\/th>\n<th>\uc758\ubbf8<\/th>\n<th>10-60 MVA\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uac12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc815\uaca9 \ud1b5\uacfc \uc804\ub958<\/td>\n<td>OLTC\uac00 \uc6b4\ubc18\ud558\ub294 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc9c0\uc18d \uc804\ub958<\/td>\n<td>300-1,250 A (\ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uc815\uaca9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rated step voltage<\/td>\n<td>Voltage between adjacent taps<\/td>\n<td>500-3,000 V per step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rated switching capacity<\/td>\n<td>Product of current \u00d7 step voltage the diverter can handle<\/td>\n<td>Up to ~1,000 kVA per switching step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Operating cycles<\/td>\n<td>Design life in operations<\/td>\n<td>100,000-300,000+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ud45c\uc900<\/td>\n<td>Design and type-test basis<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60214-1\/-2, IEEE C57.131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The through current has to cover the highest continuous current of the transformer plus the overload factor, if applicable, such that for a 20% overload contract the OLTC rating will also have to reflect this. In other words, the step voltage is just as important since high step voltage means much more stress on the diverter than high current with low step voltage; this is verified by the vendor during the switching capacity test.<\/p>\n<p>To help you visualize the relationship, we provide you with the following sizing reference related to the transformer you are specifying.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Transformer Rating<\/th>\n<th>HV Voltage<\/th>\n<th>Max Continuous Current<\/th>\n<th>Typical OLTC Rating<\/th>\n<th>OLTC Price Range<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>10 MVA<\/td>\n<td>66 kV<\/td>\n<td>~88 A<\/td>\n<td>100 A, step 500-800 V<\/td>\n<td>$4,000-$12,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20 MVA<\/td>\n<td>110 kV<\/td>\n<td>~105 A<\/td>\n<td>125 A, step 800-1,200 V<\/td>\n<td>$6,000-$16,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>40 MVA<\/td>\n<td>132 kV<\/td>\n<td>~175 A<\/td>\n<td>200 A, step 1,200-1,800 V<\/td>\n<td>$8,000-$22,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>60 MVA<\/td>\n<td>220 kV<\/td>\n<td>~157 A<\/td>\n<td>200 A, step 1,500-2,500 V<\/td>\n<td>$12,000-$30,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>After establishing the ratings, it is essential for the specification to delineate all the requirements using detailed language. At the very least, the RFQ must specify the following items in the clear manner:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tap range and steps: must be specified clearly, e.g., \u00b18\u00d71.25% (17 steps) at the HV winding.<\/li>\n<li>The rated through-current: what is the maximum continuous current, including overload operation.<\/li>\n<li>Step voltage: maximum voltage between the taps.<\/li>\n<li>Type: either a resistor or a vacuum type, turret mount design (head type) or an in-tank unit.<\/li>\n<li>Motor drive: voltage (110\/220 DC or AC), torque limitations, local or remote operation, and AVR interface.<\/li>\n<li>Monitoring: position display, working hours counter, oil level, and pressure monitoring of OLTC space.<\/li>\n<li>Standards and type tests: type tests as per IEC 60214-1, plus IEEE C57.131 if the project is based in the North Americas.<\/li>\n<li>Spares and services: spares and services available from the manufacturers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are two most important specification points that are frequently ignored. First, the overload basis, which states that the OLTC should be rated for the transformer\u2019s overload capacity and not only for the rated continuous capacity. Second, the AVR interface and communication protocol, which shows whether the tap changer can become part of the systems of substation automation or will operate on an isolated manual basis.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"applications\">OLTC by Transformer Size and Duty<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Transformers of lesser power (less than 5 MVA): Oil immersing or oil circulating transformer(OLTC) thus dies not make use of OLTC; on-circuit tapping is done supplemented by regulation at upstream regulators.<\/li>\n<li>Transformers at the substation level (5 to 60 MVA): The power range for the installation of OLTC; direct caused system based regulators are used along with standard tentative impacts on the regulated bus.<\/li>\n<li>Step up generator transformers; The OELTC option is rare; regulation being done on the generator or grid level depending on the generating capacity of the generators.<\/li>\n<li>Transformers at the industrial level (10 to 50 MVA): The OLTC option is also available at this level; however vacuum type of OLTC is chosen where changes in operation are frequent.<\/li>\n<li>Furnace transformers and rectifier transformers; there is high frequency of tapping operation thus vacuum type of OLTC desired for the operation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"brands\">Brands and Price Comparison<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\ube0c\ub79c\ub4dc<\/th>\n<th>Origin<\/th>\n<th>OLTC Products<\/th>\n<th>Approx. Price Range<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>MR Reinhausen<\/td>\n<td>\ub3c5\uc77c<\/td>\n<td>VACUTAP vacuum and OILTAP resistor series \u2014 the global reference<\/td>\n<td>$6,000-$35,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ABB<\/td>\n<td>\uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4\/\uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374<\/td>\n<td>Complete transformer + OLTC packages<\/td>\n<td>$5,000-$30,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc9c0\uba58\uc2a4<\/td>\n<td>\ub3c5\uc77c<\/td>\n<td>OLTC for large power transformers<\/td>\n<td>$6,000-$32,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ud788\ud0c0\uce58 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0<\/td>\n<td>\uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4<\/td>\n<td>Power transformer tap changing<\/td>\n<td>$7,000-$35,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc288\ub098\uc774\ub354 \uc77c\ub809\ud2b8\ub9ad<\/td>\n<td>\ud504\ub791\uc2a4<\/td>\n<td>Distribution-class tap changers<\/td>\n<td>$3,000-$15,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jiangsu Subian Electric Power (integrated)<\/td>\n<td>\uc911\uad6d<\/td>\n<td>Transformers with proven OLTCs coordinated to IEC 60214<\/td>\n<td>$4,000-$15,000 (as transformer option)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>as MR technology or licensed designs are being used by almost all leading transformers around the world. The VACUTAP series of vacuum tap changers is the one that set the standard for maintenance-free operation. ABB, Siemens, and Hitachi Energy offer their own or partner OLTC technology. The OLTC is usually a named item in the transformer contract and the choice depends on capabilities of the transformer manufacturer and maintenance philosophy of the project. Jiangsu Subian Electric Power is among the manufacturers that install tested OLTCs in their transformers, including the vacuum type for frequent switching. Instead of getting a product that comes with an additional OLTC attached, the buyer gets turn-key assembly covering turret, drive, and AVR as one complete system. Due to the efficient production and pricing policy of Subian, the price range of OLTC transformers is about 40-60% lower as compared to similar offerings of European manufacturers. However, regardless of the brand you choose, always indicate OLTC type in the contract and check the type test certificate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10680\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Step-by-Step-Selection-Procedure.webp\" alt=\"Step-by-Step Selection Procedure\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-choose\">Step-by-Step Selection Procedure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Assess whether an OLTC is necessary. If the source and load are stable, you may only need manual taps, but in the case of a power transformer, automatic regulation is almost always required.<\/li>\n<li>Determine the tap step size and range according to the internal regulation of the transformer and the voltage fluctuations.<\/li>\n<li>Determine the current capacity based on the maximum current available during continuous operation with overloads.<\/li>\n<li>Double-check the step voltage with the tap-to-tap voltage of the regulating winding.<\/li>\n<li>Decide whether to use resistors or vacuum based on the budget, domain of application and switching frequency.<\/li>\n<li>Identify if turret or head mounting is needed and decide about the motor drive, ensuring it bears the correct voltage and controls.<\/li>\n<li>List the monitoring requirements and the requirements for the integration of the automatic voltage regulator including the position, counter, oil level, and communication protocols.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure that the certificate of the type-test and process test in accordance with IEC 60214-1 is available, and include the designation of the OLTC in the contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"maintenance\">Operation, Monitoring, and Maintenance<\/h2>\n<p>The need for OLTC servicing is mostly influenced by the kind of OLTC and how often it switches on and off. Recommendations include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Track how many times the OLTC has been operated each month. An OLTC used in association with a power transformer may make 1,000-10,000 switches a year; therefore, maintenance intervals should be calculated based on the operating count, rather than based on numbers of years.<\/li>\n<li>In resistor OLTCs, diverter installation oil should be considered separately from the oil in the main tank, as it gets carbonized during the switching operation and degrades much faster; filter or replace it as per interval specified by the manufacturer (~100,000 switches).<\/li>\n<li>In vacuum OLTCs, no contamination occurs during operation; hence, intervals may be much longer (~300,000 switches); still, the mechanism and the drive should be checked at every major trip.<\/li>\n<li>The torque of the motor drive, the position of the AVR relay switch, and the position of the position indicator should be verified every year.<\/li>\n<li>Monitor temperatures and pressures of the diverter oil; a jump in temperature indicates a fault in the contacts or an abnormal switching process.<\/li>\n<li>Logging the operation counter is most cost-effective since it changes \u201cmake maintenance every five to seven years\u201d into \u201cmake maintenance every 100,000 operations,\u201d which means a considerable difference for a busy transformer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Maintenance required by different designs is drastically different. The two main types of OLTC should be compared based on your expenditures.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Maintenance Item<\/th>\n<th>\uc800\ud56d\ud615 OLTC<\/th>\n<th>\uc9c4\uacf5\ud615 OLTC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Diverter oil change interval<\/td>\n<td>~100,000 \ud68c\uc791\ub3d9<\/td>\n<td>~300,000 \ud68c\uc791\ub3d9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oil carbonization rate<\/td>\n<td>Moderate to high<\/td>\n<td>\ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc74c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Contact inspection interval<\/td>\n<td>At each oil change<\/td>\n<td>Every 2nd-3rd oil change<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Motor drive maintenance<\/td>\n<td>Same for both (annual check)<\/td>\n<td>Same for both<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Estimated 20-year maintenance cost<\/td>\n<td>$8,000-$20,000<\/td>\n<td>$4,000-$10,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">\uc790\uc8fc \ubb3b\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38<\/h2>\n<h3>How much does an on-load tap changer cost?<\/h3>\n<div>A resistor-type OLTC costs $3,000-$18,000 and a vacuum-type $5,000-$30,000 as components, plus the motor drive and controls. Fitted to a transformer, the OLTC adds 10-30% to the unit price. For a 40 MVA transformer, budget $15,000-$30,000 for the OLTC increment, with vacuum designs at the higher end.<\/div>\n<h3>What tap range should I specify for my main transformer?<\/h3>\n<div>For most 10-60 MVA main transformers, \u00b18\u00d71.25% (17 positions) is the standard choice, giving \u00b110% regulation in fine steps. If your voltage variation is wider or the regulating winding design favors it, \u00b16\u00d72.5% (13 positions, \u00b115%) is the common alternative. Derive the range from measured voltage variation plus the transformer&#8217;s internal regulation \u2014 do not copy a neighboring project&#8217;s value.<\/div>\n<h3>What is the difference between a resistor and a vacuum on-load tap changer?<\/h3>\n<div>The transition impedance that bridges the tap change is a resistor in one design and a vacuum interrupter in the other. A resistor type extinguishes the switching arc in oil, which gradually carbonizes the oil and forces a maintenance interval of about 100,000 operations. A vacuum type extinguishes the arc in a sealed vacuum interrupter, keeping the oil clean and extending the interval to about 300,000 operations \u2014 at a higher first cost.<\/div>\n<h3>How often does an OLTC need maintenance?<\/h3>\n<div>Count operations, not years. Resistor-type OLTCs typically need the diverter oil filtered or replaced every ~100,000 operations; vacuum types stretch to ~300,000. A main transformer on automatic voltage regulation can switch 1,000-10,000 times a year, so the calendar interval ranges from under 3 years to over 20 years depending on the site.<\/div>\n<h3>Can I retrofit an on-load tap changer to an existing transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>Rarely and rarely economically. The regulating winding, turret mounting, tank clearances, and cooling must all suit the OLTC, and most fixed-tap transformers were never designed for one. If you need continuous regulation on an existing unit, consider a separate voltage-regulating transformer or a series voltage regulator instead. Otherwise, specify the OLTC at the design stage.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\ucc38\uace0 \ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/57160\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60214-1 \u2014 Tap-Changers, Performance Requirements and Test Methods<\/a> \u2014 The core OLTC standard covering type tests and ratings.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/57161\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60214-2 \u2014 Tap-Changers, Application Guide<\/a> \u2014 Selection guidance for ranges, steps, and ratings.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/57.131\/7562\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.131 \u2014 Requirements for Load Tap Changers<\/a> \u2014 North American OLTC standard.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reinhausen.com\/en\/portal\/Portal\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MR Reinhausen \u2014 Tap Changer Portal<\/a> \u2014 The leading OLTC manufacturer&#8217;s VACUTAP\/OILTAP documentation and life-cycle data.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/27175\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-1 \u2014 Power Transformers, General Requirements<\/a> \u2014 Transformer-level context for tap changer integration and testing.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/new.abb.com\/products\/transformers\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ABB Transformers<\/a> \u2014 Reference for transformer and tap changer integration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>Choosing the on-load tap changer for a major transformer is a process that is based on the facts. The variation of voltage and the regulation of transformer determine the range, while transformer\u2019s current and switching capability determine the output. As long as everything is done correctly, the OLTC will perform its functions for many years.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Calculate the tap range using the actual voltage values and the internal regulation.<\/li>\n<li>Rate the OLTC according to the overload performance, not just the rating on the plate.<\/li>\n<li>Opt for vacuum type when frequent switching is involved and there is no man.<\/li>\n<li>Follow the performance records, log the counter and hold the certificate of the type test attached to the contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An engineer of the project in charge of a utility firm is formulating specifications for a main power transformer of the capacity of 40 MVA with a voltage of 132\/33 kV that can regulate the distribution bus of 33 kV of the entire region. The design process for the transformer has almost been completed, but [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10677"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10978,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10677\/revisions\/10978"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}