{"id":10825,"date":"2026-08-29T23:43:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10825"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:13","slug":"practical-guide-to-troubleshooting-power-transformer-faults","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/news\/practical-guide-to-troubleshooting-power-transformer-faults\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc804\ub825 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uacb0\ud568 \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2e4\uc6a9 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc624\uc804 2\uc2dc 47\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc81c\uc5b4\uc2e4\uc758 \uacbd\uace0\uc74c\uc774 \uc6b8\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2013 10 MVA, 33\/11 kV \uc804\ub825 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc6a9\ud574 \uac00\uc2a4 \ubd84\uc11d(DGA) \uc218\uce58\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 60 ppm\uc758 \uac00\uc5f0\uc131 \uac00\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c 6\uc2dc\uac04 \ub9cc\uc5d0 340 ppm\uc73c\ub85c \uae09\uc99d\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc1c\uc804\uc18c \uc6b4\uc601\uc790\ub294 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc120\ud0dd\uad8c\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4: \uc804\uccb4 \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \uc815\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uac10\uc218\ud558\uba70 \uad50\ub300\ub97c \ub9c8\uce58\uac70\ub098, \ubd80\ud750\ud640\uce20 \ub9b4\ub808\uc774\uac00 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub77c\uba70 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc6b4\uc601\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc9c4\ub2e8 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ub825 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc740 \uc608\uc815\ub41c \uc720\uc9c0\ubcf4\uc218 \uc815\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc190\uc2e4 \uc218\uc775, \uc6b4\uc1a1 \ube44\uc6a9 \ubc0f \ube44\uc0c1 \uc804\uae30 \uad6c\ub9e4\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud558\ub294 \uac15\uc81c \uc815\uc804 \uc0ac\uc774\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubd84\uc57c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc720\ud615, \uadf8 \ud0d0\uc9c0 \ubc29\ubc95 \ubc0f \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uace0\uc7a5 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e8\uacc4\ubcc4 \uc9c0\uce68\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc6d0\uc778, \uc774\ub97c \ud0d0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c4\ub2e8 \uc7a5\uce58, \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc7a5\ube44 \ubc0f \uc81c3\uc790 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub300\ub7b5\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uae08, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud68c\ub85c \ucc28\ub2e8\uae30\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc9c0\ubcf4\uc218 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574, \uc804\ub825 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc57d 1 MVA \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4, \uce21\uc815 \ubc0f \uc218\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc815\uc758\ub41c \uc9c0\uc2dd \uae30\ubc18 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ub530\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. DGA(\uc6a9\ud574 \uac00\uc2a4 \ubd84\uc11d), \uc808\uc5f0 \uc800\ud56d \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uad8c\uc120 \uc800\ud56d \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubc0f \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uc624\uc77c \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc57d 80%\uac00 \uc808\uc5f0 \ud30c\uad34, \ubd80\ubd84 \ubc29\uc804 \ub610\ub294 \uc11c\uc9c0 \ucda9\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uba70, \uc5f4\uc801 \ubc0f \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub450\uc5b4\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc740 DGA \ubc0f \uc804\uae30 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\ub294 \ud558\uc704 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \ub36e\uac1c\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10826\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Practical-Guide-To-Troubleshooting-Power-Transformer-Faults.webp\" alt=\"Practical Guide To Troubleshooting Power Transformer Faults\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"common-faults\">\uac00\uc7a5 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc804\ub825 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uace0\uc7a5\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc785\ub2c8\uae4c?<\/h2>\n<p>\ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc131\uc219\ud55c \uc7a5\ube44\ub85c, \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc81c\uc791\ub418\uace0 \uc801\uc808\ud788 \ub0c9\uac01\ub41c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc57d 30\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 40\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc12f \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc94\uc8fc \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8\ub294 \uc57d 35-40%\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud558\ub294 \uad8c\uc120 \uc808\uc5f0 \ud30c\uad34\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uad8c\uc120 \uac04 \ub2e8\ub77d, \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uce35 \uac04 \ub2e8\ub77d, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc885\uc774 \uc808\uc5f0\uc758 \uc5f4\ud654\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc811\uc9c0 \uace0\uc7a5\uacfc \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ubd80\uc2f1\uc758 \uc57d\uc810\uc740 10-15%\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ub418\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \ub54c \ubd80\uc2f1\uc5d0\uc11c highly flammable hot oil\uac00 \ubd84\ucd9c\ub420 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc704\ud5d8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd80\ud558 \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc740 \ubd80\uc2f1\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ube44\uc728\uc758 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc811\ucd09 \ub9c8\ubaa8, \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800 \uad6c\uc5ed\uc758 \uc624\uc77c \uc624\uc5fc, \ub610\ub294 \ubaa8\ud130 \uad6c\ub3d9 \uace0\uc7a5 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ub2e8\uc870 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc6d0\uc778 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucf54\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uc790\uc11d \ud68c\ub85c\uc758 \uacb0\ud568\uc740 \ub290\uc2a8\ud55c \ubcfc\ud2b8\ub098 \uc801\uce35 \uac04 \uc808\uc5f0 \uc190\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc804\ub958 \uc21c\ud658 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uad6d\ubd80\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc5f4\uacfc \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ubb34\ubd80\ud558 \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ub9c9\ud78c \ub77c\ub514\uc5d0\uc774\ud130, \uace0\uc7a5\ub09c \ud38c\ud504 \ubc0f \ud32c, \ub0ae\uc740 \uc624\uc77c \uc218\uc900 \ub610\ub294 \ub192\uc740 \uc2b5\ub3c4 \uc218\uc900\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub0c9\uac01 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc624\uc77c\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \ub0b4\ubd80 \ubd80\ud488\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \uc5f4\uc801 \uc5f4\ud654\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"failure-mechanisms\">\ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815: \uace0\uc7a5 \ubaa8\ub4dc \ubc0f \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998<\/h2>\n<p>\uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc624\ub79c \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \uc5f4\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uad8c\uc120 \ubc0f \uc808\uc5f0 \uace0\uc7a5\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ub178\ud654 \uaddc\uce59\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc808\uc5f0\uc758 \uc218\uba85\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4\uac00 98 \u00b0C\uc5d0\uc11c 6\u00b0C\uc5d0\uc11c 10\u00b0C \ucd08\uacfc\ud560 \ub54c \uc808\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc904\uc5b4\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc5ec\ub984 \ub3d9\uc548 \ucd5c\uc18c 20%\uc758 \ubd80\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c 10 MVA \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uba74 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uac00 \ud2b8\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc808\uc5f0 \uc218\uba85\uc758 \uc218\ub144\uc744 \uc18c\ubaa8\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc804\uae30 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4\ub294 \uc790\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uace0\uc7a5 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae30\ud3ec, \uacf5\uadf9 \ubc0f \uc190\uc0c1\ub41c \uc808\uc5f0 \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \ubbf8\uc138 \ubc29\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84 \ubc29\uc804\uc740 \uc808\uc5f0\uc758 \uc11c\uc11c\ud788 \ud30c\uad34\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 33 kV \uad8c\uc120\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, 100 pC\uc758 \ubd80\ubd84 \ubc29\uc804 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uacbd\uace0 \uc2e0\ud638\uc784\uc744 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d 1000 pC\uc758 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \ubd80\ubd84 \ubc29\uc804\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74, \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ub294 \uba87 \uc8fc \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2b5\uae30\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uacfc\uc815 \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \uc545\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc885\uc774 \uc808\uc5f0\uccb4\uc758 \uc2b5\ub3c4 \uc218\uc900\uc774 2 %\uc778 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc885\uc774\ub294 \uc2b5\uae30 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc57d \ub450 \ubc30 \ub354 \ube68\ub9ac \ub178\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc808\uc5f0 \ud30c\uad34\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\uc77c \ub0b4\uc758 \uc2b5\uae30 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \uc778\ud574, \uc720\uc804 \uac15\ub3c4\ub294 40 kV(IEC 60156\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ucd5c\uc18c \ub4f1\uae09)\uc5d0\uc11c 20 kV \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc18c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uae30\uc5d0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad8c\uc120\uc758 \ub2e8\ub77d \uc804\ub958\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ud798\uc740 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ub97c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \ub290\uc2a8\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uac00 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud1b5\uacfc \uace0\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74 \uacb0\uad6d \uc190\uc0c1\uc744 \uc785\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30 \uace0\uc7a5 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc758 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc88b\uc740 \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"fault-types\">\uace0\uc7a5 \uc720\ud615, \uacbd\uace0 \uc2e0\ud638 \ubc0f \uadfc\ubcf8 \uc6d0\uc778<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uace0\uc7a5 \uc720\ud615<\/th>\n<th>\uace0\uc7a5 \ube44\uc728<\/th>\n<th>\uc870\uae30 \uacbd\uace0 \uc2e0\ud638<\/th>\n<th>\uac00\uc7a5 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ubcf8 \uc6d0\uc778<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uad8c\uc120 \/ \uc808\uc5f0 \uace0\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td>35\u201340%<\/td>\n<td>\uc0c1\uc2b9\ud558\ub294 DGA \uc544\uc138\ud2f8\ub80c\/\uc5d0\ud2f8\ub80c, \ube44\uc728 \ud3b8\ucc28, \ub728\uac70\uc6b4 \uc624\uc77c<\/td>\n<td>\uacfc\uc5f4, \uc2b5\uae30, PD, \uc11c\uc9c0 \uc190\uc0c1, \ub290\uc2a8\ud55c \ud074\ub7a8\ud551<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ubd80\uc2f1 \uace0\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td>10\u201315%<\/td>\n<td>\ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uade0\uc5f4, \uc624\uc77c \ub204\ucd9c, \uc815\uc804 \uc6a9\ub7c9 \ubcc0\ud654, \ubd80\uc2f1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 PD<\/td>\n<td>\ub3c4\uc790\uae30 \uc190\uc0c1, \uc2b5\uae30 \uce68\ud22c, \uc624\uc5fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OLTC \/ \ud0ed \uccb4\uc778\uc800 \uace0\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td>10\u201315%<\/td>\n<td>\ube44\uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud0ed \ubcc0\uacbd \uc18c\uc74c, \uc811\ucd09 \uc800\ud56d \uc0c1\uc2b9, \uc624\uc77c \uc5b4\ub450\uc6cc\uc9d0<\/td>\n<td>\uc811\ucd09 \ub9c8\ubaa8, \ud0c4\ud654\ub41c \uc624\uc77c, \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ub9c8\ubaa8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ucf54\uc5b4 \uace0\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td>8\u201312%<\/td>\n<td>\uc99d\uac00\ub41c \ubb34\ubd80\ud558 \uc190\uc2e4, \uad6d\ubd80\uc801 \ud56b\uc2a4\ud31f, \ube44\uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud5c8\ubc0d<\/td>\n<td>\ub290\uc2a8\ud55c \uc801\uce35, \uc190\uc0c1\ub41c \ucf54\uc5b4 \uc808\uc5f0, \uc21c\ud658 \uc804\ub958<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ub0c9\uac01 \/ \uc624\uc77c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uace0\uc7a5<\/td>\n<td>10\u201315%<\/td>\n<td>\ub192\uc740 \uc0c1\ubd80 \uc624\uc77c \uc628\ub3c4, \ub0ae\uc740 \uc624\uc77c \uc218\uc900, \ud38c\ud504\/\ud32c \uc815\uc9c0<\/td>\n<td>\ub9c9\ud78c \ubc29\uc5f4\uae30, \uace0\uc7a5\ub09c \ud38c\ud504, \ub204\ucd9c, \uc2b5\uae30 \uce68\ud22c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uacfc\ubd80\ud558 \/ \uc678\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc774\ubca4\ud2b8<\/td>\n<td>5\u201310%<\/td>\n<td>\uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ub192\uc740 \ubd80\ud558, \uace0\uc870\ud30c \uac00\uc5f4, \ubcf4\ud638 \uc815\uc9c0<\/td>\n<td>\uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\ubd80\ud558, \uace0\uc870\ud30c, \uc804\uc555 \ubd88\uade0\ud615<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\uc774 \ud45c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0 \uacfc\uc815\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \u201c\uace0\uc7a5 \ube44\uc728\u201d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 CIGR\u00c9\uc640 IEEE\uac00 \uc218\ud589\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uace0\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc9d1\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc804\uc555 \ub4f1\uae09\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc218\uce58\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ubc30\uae09 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ub294 110 kV \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uacfc\ubd80\ud558 \uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uacaa\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ubcc0\uc555\uae30\uc758 \uc808\uc5f0 \uc624\uc77c\uc740 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc7a5\uc758 \uc720\ud615\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10827\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fault-Symptoms-vs.-Likely-Causes.webp\" alt=\"\uace0\uc7a5 \uc99d\uc0c1 \ub300 \uac00\ub2a5 \uc6d0\uc778\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"symptom-vs-cause\">\uace0\uc7a5 \uc99d\uc0c1 \ub300 \uac00\ub2a5 \uc6d0\uc778<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\uad00\ucc30\ub41c \uc99d\uc0c1<\/th>\n<th>\uac00\uc7a5 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uace0\uc7a5<\/th>\n<th>\ud655\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95<\/th>\n<th>2\ucc28 \uc6a9\uc758\uc790<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uac11\uc791\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ubd80\ud750\ud640\uce20 \ub9b4\ub808\uc774 \uc815\uc9c0<\/td>\n<td>\uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ub0b4\ubd80 \uace0\uc7a5(\ud134 \ub300 \ud134, \ucf54\uc5b4)<\/td>\n<td>DGA + \uad8c\uc120 \uc800\ud56d + \ube44\uc728 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/td>\n<td>\uae09\uaca9\ud55c \uc218\ubd84 \ubc29\ucd9c, \uac00\uc2a4 \ucd95\uc801<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc77c\uc815 \ubd80\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc810\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uc628\ub3c4 \uc0c1\uc2b9<\/td>\n<td>\ub0c9\uac01 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc5f4\ud654<\/td>\n<td>\uc624\uc77c \ud750\ub984 \uc810\uac80, \ud38c\ud504\/\ud32c \uc804\ub958, DGA<\/td>\n<td>\uc624\uc77c \uc5f4\ud654, \ub192\uc740 \uc8fc\ubcc0 \uc628\ub3c4, \ub9c9\ud798<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ub192\uc740 \ubb34\ubd80\ud558 \uc190\uc2e4\uacfc \ud070 \uc18c\uc74c<\/td>\n<td>\ucf54\uc5b4 \uc190\uc0c1 \ub610\ub294 \ubd88\ub7c9 \uc801\uce35 \uc808\uc5f0<\/td>\n<td>No-load loss test, core ground current<\/td>\n<td>Mechanical looseness, DC magnetization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Decreasing insulation resistance<\/td>\n<td>Moisture ingress or contamination<\/td>\n<td>Insulation resistance test, oil breakdown voltage<\/td>\n<td>Paper aging, oil sludge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Voltage ratio out of tolerance<\/td>\n<td>Winding shorted turns or OLTC damage<\/td>\n<td>Turn ratio test (TTR), winding resistance<\/td>\n<td>Tap changer misalignment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oil colour darkening and sludge<\/td>\n<td>Thermal degradation of oil<\/td>\n<td>Acid number (IEC 62021), interfacial tension<\/td>\n<td>Overheating, oxidation, contact with air<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This table of symptoms is purposely conservative: every symptom indicates a key suspect, but skilled troubleshooters would not leap to conclusions about anything. For example, a Buchholz trip could arise just as easily from a broken cooling pipe that introduces air into the container but involves no electrical failure at all. Thus, the following diagnosis sequence always has to confirm with measures beforehand, prior to any decision being made about opening the container.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"diagnostic-tests\">Key Diagnostic Tests &amp; Acceptable Limits<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/th>\n<th>Standard Reference<\/th>\n<th>Typical Acceptable Range<\/th>\n<th>When to Run<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\uc6a9\ud574 \uac00\uc2a4 \ubd84\uc11d (DGA)<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60599 \/ IEEE C57.104<\/td>\n<td>Total combustible gas &lt; 720 ppm; key gas ratios normal<\/td>\n<td>Annual; immediately after any trip or abnormal event<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Insulation resistance (IR) \/ PI<\/td>\n<td>IEEE 43<\/td>\n<td>Polarization index \u2265 2.0 for dry paper; IR per kV rating<\/td>\n<td>Annual; before energizing after maintenance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\uad8c\uc120 \uc800\ud56d<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60076-1<\/td>\n<td>Phase imbalance \u2264 2% between phases<\/td>\n<td>After trips, OLTC inspections, suspected shorted turns<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turn ratio test (TTR)<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60076-1<\/td>\n<td>Deviation \u2264 0.5% from nameplate<\/td>\n<td>Annual; after reconnection or OLTC work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oil breakdown voltage (BDV)<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60156<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 40 kV for new oil; \u2265 30 kV acceptable in service<\/td>\n<td>Each oil sample; before oil reclamation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Moisture in oil \/ paper<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60814 \/ Karl Fischer<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 2% moisture in paper; &lt; 10 ppm water in oil (typical)<\/td>\n<td>Annual; after suspected moisture ingress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Partial discharge measurement<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60270<\/td>\n<td>PD level below manufacturer acceptance (often &lt; 100 pC at HV)<\/td>\n<td>Factory tests; after major insulation disturbance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Frequency response (SFRA)<\/td>\n<td>IEC 60076-18<\/td>\n<td>Low deviation index across frequency sweep<\/td>\n<td>After through-faults or transport; baseline comparison<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>These limits are working numbers, rather than evitable ones, since a transformer that always worked under 5% moisture equivalent indicators could still work properly \u2014 however, the trend matters more than any separate number. Thus, you need to keep all the testing results available for a year-to-year comparison, because a 40% increase in hydrogen content in two instances is far more important than a normal absolute value.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"applications\">Where Faults Hit Hardest: Applications &amp; Critical Assets<\/h2>\n<p>Priorities in troubleshooting vary across applications as the costs of failures differ from one application to the other. In electricity generation and transmission, one transformer with a rating of 110 kV\/50 MVA could cost up to $ 400,000 and even a million dollars, and it could take up to 1 season to replace it. In an industrial environment, the same 10 MVA device would usually have a backup unit in place, and the goal, therefore, would be triaging the failure, figuring out whether it could be repaired on the site or needs to be serviced offsite. For renewable energy devices, similar to wind farms, transformers are exposed to street cycle and they face different issues connected with OLTC damage, flashover and insulation failures, not caused by single accidents. Places like data centers and hospitals will be focusing on making the availability issues the priority, and this is why they will resort to paying much more than usual for the repairs.<\/p>\n<p>As for networks, companies operating in it will choose the risk management strategy and will be dealing with high-risk failures every 6-12 months and low-risks failures every 2-3 years. Thus, the same transformer or the same fault may receive completely different treatment, depending on the usage context of the technology.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tools-pricing\">Diagnostic Tools, Brands &amp; Price Ranges<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Tool \/ Service<\/th>\n<th>Representative Brands<\/th>\n<th>Typical Price Range<\/th>\n<th>\ube44\uace0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>DGA sampling kit &amp; lab test (per sample)<\/td>\n<td>Doble, SGS, local utilities labs<\/td>\n<td>$80\u2013$250 per sample<\/td>\n<td>Full gas chromatography panel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Portable DGA monitor (online)<\/td>\n<td>Kelman (GE), Serveron, Qualitrol<\/td>\n<td>$15,000\u2013$45,000<\/td>\n<td>Continuous monitoring of key gases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Insulation resistance tester (5\u201310 kV)<\/td>\n<td>Megger, Fluke, Doble<\/td>\n<td>$1,500\u2013$6,000<\/td>\n<td>For IR, PI, DAR measurements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Winding resistance meter (micro-ohmmeter)<\/td>\n<td>Megger, Vanguard, DV Power<\/td>\n<td>$4,000\u2013$12,000<\/td>\n<td>Low-resistance measurement to 0.1 \u00b5\u03a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turn ratio tester (TTR)<\/td>\n<td>Megger, Vanguard, Doble<\/td>\n<td>$5,000\u2013$15,000<\/td>\n<td>Full 3-phase TTR with OLTC test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SFRA test set<\/td>\n<td>Doble, OMICRON, Megger<\/td>\n<td>$20,000\u2013$60,000<\/td>\n<td>Winding deformation analysis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Third-party diagnostic service (full site battery)<\/td>\n<td>Doble, Intertek, local certified labs<\/td>\n<td>$5,000\u2013$25,000 per visit<\/td>\n<td>DGA + electrical + oil tests on one unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Depending on factors such as location, manufacturer and uniqueness, prices may differ, so it may be safer to consider them as planning values rather than actual prices. For example, one of the valid ideas for budgeting a small industrial fleet is to purchase a medium-range insulation resistance tester and winding resistance meter first, which costs from $6,000 to $18,000 together; DGA samples can then be sent to a lab and third-party inspection for SFRA and PD can only be done when any dysfunction appears. There are many global players on the market such as Doble, OMICRON, Megger, Fluke and Qualitrol, so it is possible to be sure that they can serve as a benchmark. Nevertheless, it should be noted that Jiangsu Subian Electric Power and other Chinese companies have already started to produce the transformers these diagnostic devices assess, thus introducing IEC 60076-related distribution and power transformers from 10 kVA to 100 MVA to the market at reasonable prices and lead times. For comparing diagnostic methodology used by various companies, it is necessary to say that a company producing transformers can also provide its clients with interpretation of testing results.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10828\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Building-a-Troubleshooting-Workflow-8-Steps.webp\" alt=\"Building a Troubleshooting Workflow 8 Steps\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"workflow\">Building a Troubleshooting Workflow: 8 Steps<\/h2>\n<p>Any serious troubleshooting activity must adhere to the same structured sequence, as this is how seasoned technicians get into trouble.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Establish the site and obtain data; validate the trip or alarm, isolate the transformer, and take note of any relay targets, SCADA logs, load history, and ambient temperature for the last two days, before undertaking any resetting of protection.<\/li>\n<li>Perform a DGA straight away; if oil is available, take a sample for dissolved gas testing; fingerprinting (IEC 60599) tends to indicate overheating, PD or arcing, before any electrical test is conducted.<\/li>\n<li>Carry out electrical inspections in a specific order: insulation resistance and polarization indices first (simple and fast); followed by windings resistance, then turns ratio; compare all readings with the base line or name plate values.<\/li>\n<li>Assess the condition of the oil; breakdown voltage, moisture, acidity and dielectric strength will tell you if the oil itself is the culprit or the victim.<\/li>\n<li>Analyze gases based on key ratios; hydrogen indicates PD, ethylene and methane signal thermal failure, acetylene in excess of 5 ppm indicates arcing or over-heating.<\/li>\n<li>Make a decision as to whether it\u2019s minor, moderate or severe; referencing IEEE C57.104 or IEC 60599 condition.<\/li>\n<li>Check first before opening; only carry out tank opening after it has been determined where the fault is by means of a physical inspection \u2014 the entry into the tank costs $5,000 to $20,000.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure everything is documented; in every asset history file record every result, every decision made as well as every action taken with repairs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"maintenance\">Preventive &amp; Predictive Maintenance Practices<\/h2>\n<p>The trouble-shooting that does not have to be done is the best trouble-shooting There are four layers that make the transformer maintenance effective. The first layer is routine inspection of the transformer which includes the visual inspection, heating indicator reading, oil level and leaking checking and hearing functionality monitoring on a monthly or quarterly basis. The second layer is the periodic testing that includes annual DGA, insulation resistance testing, winding resistance testing and oil breakdown voltage (BDV) testing which should take place twice a year for transformers above 20 years old or have undergone overloading. The third layer is the predictive monitoring which includes DGA monitor installation, winding temperature sensor installation and some moisture sensor installation for the very expensive transformers that can cost around $15000-$50000 but the money is paid off quickly. The last layer is the oil maintenance that allows to maintain the breakdown voltage (BDV) above 30 kV and acid number below as a result increasing the service time of the oil.<\/p>\n<p>It is also important to mention two rules of maintenance that should be memorized and followed. The first one is that notes must be taken as the development trends matter more than thresholds when making decisions. The second one is that the targeted DGA should be conducted for the transformers with the emergency event even though the transformer is functional as there may be some damage that is not defined by alarm sign.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Maintenance Activity<\/th>\n<th>Typical Frequency<\/th>\n<th>Key Checks<\/th>\n<th>Typical Cost per Visit<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Routine visual inspection<\/td>\n<td>Monthly \/ quarterly<\/td>\n<td>Oil leaks, oil level, temperature gauges, sound, desiccant colour<\/td>\n<td>$100\u2013$300 (in-house)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual DGA + oil sampling<\/td>\n<td>Annually (6 months for aging units)<\/td>\n<td>Key gas ratios, BDV, moisture, acid number<\/td>\n<td>$80\u2013$250 per sample<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual electrical test battery<\/td>\n<td>Annually<\/td>\n<td>IR\/PI, winding resistance, turn ratio, no-load\/load loss if warranted<\/td>\n<td>$1,000\u2013$4,000 in-house<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cooling system service<\/td>\n<td>Every 6\u201312 months<\/td>\n<td>Fan\/pump operation, radiator cleaning, blocked fins<\/td>\n<td>$500\u2013$2,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Breather \/ desiccant service<\/td>\n<td>Every 6 months<\/td>\n<td>Silica gel condition, oil seal level<\/td>\n<td>$100\u2013$500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OLTC inspection (oil-filled compartment)<\/td>\n<td>Every 2\u20135 years or by tap-change count<\/td>\n<td>Contact wear, oil carbonization, mechanism timing<\/td>\n<td>$1,500\u2013$5,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">\uc790\uc8fc \ubb3b\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38<\/h2>\n<h3>How often should I perform DGA on a power transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>For a healthy transformer, DGA should be utilized at least once a year, as stated in IEEE C57.104. However, this frequency should be changed to every 6 months in case of units that are over 20 years old, units that have been overloaded or units that already have gases present in moderate levels. In case of assets that are very valuable, the installation of the DGA monitor system that constantly samples gases should be considered (this equipment costs 15,000-$45,000). It is quite probable that this type of installation will pay off if at least one fault can be detected in time.<\/p>\n<h3>What does acetylene in DGA indicate, and how much is too much?<\/h3>\n<p>Acetylene (C\u2082H\u2082) is produced only under extreme conditions associated with arcing and very high heat (higher than 700 \u00b0C). IEEE C57.104 states that the content of acetylene in the liquid must not go above the level of 5 ppm, otherwise, it must be treated as moderate to high condition and investigated. Taking measurements above the limit of 20 ppm may lead to transformer shut down for additional electrical testing since serious damages such as tank rupture may occur following any type of arcing fault that develops for a few days.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I troubleshoot a transformer without opening the tank?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Usually, DGA, insulation resistance measurement, winding resistance measurement, turn ratio measurements, and oil tests correctly identify the location of the problem in the unit without entering the tank. It costs $5,000-20,000 to open a transformer for internal inspection. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct all the access tests before checking the tank.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the difference between a polarization index of 1.5 and 3.0?<\/h3>\n<p>The polarization index (PI) shows the relationship between the insulation resistance readings that were taken 10 minutes and 1 minute after the initial voltage application. The value lower than 1.5 suggests that the insulation is wet or dirty and requires further drying out. The PI range of 1.5-2.0 is marginal, while the 2.0-3.0 range is acceptable. Any value above 3.0 indicates that the insulation is dry and clean.<\/p>\n<h3>How much does a power transformer fault investigation typically cost?<\/h3>\n<p>If a third-party diagnostic investigation is performed, DGA plus electrical tests plus oil analysis plus SFRA would cost between 5,000-25,000 per transformer, depending on its power rating, site accessibility, and scope of work. It is cheaper to conduct the tests with one\u2019s own appliances since in this case the only investment would be expertise and not money.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\ucc38\uace0 \ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-1: Power transformers \u2013 Part 1: General<\/a> \u2014 the foundational international standard for power transformer rating, testing, and performance.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/639\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60599: Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service \u2013 Interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis<\/a> \u2014 the reference for interpreting DGA gas ratios and fault types.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/57.104\/10935\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.104: Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers<\/a> \u2014 the standard condition-category framework used in gas interpretation.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/43\/10742\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE 43: Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery<\/a> \u2014 widely referenced for insulation resistance and polarization index limits.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cigre.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CIGR\u00c9<\/a> \u2014 international council whose reliability surveys provide the statistical basis for transformer failure distribution data.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrical4u.com\/dissolved-gas-analysis-dga-of-transformer-oil\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Electrical4U \u2013 Dissolved Gas Analysis of Transformer Oil<\/a> \u2014 a practical introductory reference on DGA interpretation.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Jiangsu Subian Electric Power \u2013 Power Transformer Manufacturer<\/a> \u2014 IEC 60076-compliant transformer manufacturer offering design data and support for fault investigation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>It is not just luck or the age of a professional, but the right sequence of actions that will help in eliminating faults in power transformers. Start with the process of DGA followed by insulation and winding resistance tests and totaling the results against established norms in order to make wise decisions about your further actions on the problem. In fact, many faults can be repaired at the early stage, thus saving a lot of time and funds in the long run.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carry out DGA regularly; at least once a year; if the unit is aged or stressed, at least every six months.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure keeping a record of the results of the testing as the dynamics of the process is the most important indicator rather than the absolute number.<\/li>\n<li>Never start inspecting the transformer until it is well known what the cause of the problem is.<\/li>\n<li>Allocate from $1500 to $6000 for the testing of one transformer as one avoided accident will cover this sum for for the period of time.<\/li>\n<li>Partner with a manufacturer who can help you with the data that you get for the issues; for example, Jiangsu Subian Electric Power which produces transformers that follow the IEC 60076 standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At precisely 2:47 a.m., the alarm in the control room sounded off \u2013 the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) reading for the 10 MVA, 33\/11 kV power transformer had jumped from a normal 60 ppm of combustible gas to 340 ppm within six hours. The plant operator has three options: cleanse the whole unit and finish [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10825"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10999,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10825\/revisions\/10999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}