{"id":10589,"date":"2026-08-29T23:42:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=10589"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:42:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:42:57","slug":"transformer-oil-selection-for-oil-immersed-transformers-in-cold-regions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/news\/transformer-oil-selection-for-oil-immersed-transformers-in-cold-regions\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 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\u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043a, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430; \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441 60 \u043a\u0412 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 30 \u043a\u0412, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a. \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"properties\">\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 (\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C \u0434\u043e -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435<\/td>\n<td>8-12 \u043c\u043c\u00b2\/\u0441<\/td>\n<td>9-12 \u043c\u043c\u00b2\/\u0441<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 -30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>\u0425\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c; \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 1,500 mm\u00b2\/s (\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b)<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c; \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C (\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435), &gt; 250\u00b0C (\u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440)<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044f (BDV)<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 70 kV (\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435, IEC 60156)<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 70 \u043a\u0412<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 30 ppm (\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e)<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 30 ppm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 -30 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 -10 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u044f; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 -40 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"types\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/th>\n<th>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e (IEC 60296)<\/td>\n<td>-30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$1.5-$2.5<\/td>\n<td>\u0423\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C \u0434\u043e -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 135\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$2.5-$4<\/td>\n<td>\u0425\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e -50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 250\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$4-$8<\/td>\n<td>\u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440 (IEC 61099)<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C \u0434\u043e -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 250\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$6-$15<\/td>\n<td>\u0425\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 + \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c + \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>-50\u00b0C \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 300\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>$15-$30<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 300\u00b0C. \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"naphthenic\">\u041d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435; \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 (-40\u00b0C \u0434\u043e -60\u00b0C \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e)<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435; \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f (\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u044c \u2014 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"specs\">\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b: IEC 60296 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b; IEC 61099 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432; ASTM D3487 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438.<br \/>\n\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c -40\u00b0C \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e -30\u00b0C; \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c -60\u00b0C \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 -35\u00b0C.<br \/>\n\u041a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 40\u00b0C: 8 \u0434\u043e 12 \u043c\u043c\u00b2\/\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 -30 \u00b0C, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438; \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 1,500 \u043c\u043c\u00b2\/\u0441.<br \/>\n\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0438: \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 135 \u00b0C \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b; \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435.<br \/>\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439: \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 70 \u043a\u0412 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 IEC 60156.<br \/>\n\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 30 ppm; \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.<br \/>\n\u0414\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b: \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 IEC 60296 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u201c\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u201d \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 -30\u00b0C, \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u042d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0448\u0435 -20\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 (IEC 60296)<\/td>\n<td>$1.5-$2.5<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-20\u00b0C \u0434\u043e -35\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Low-pour naphthenic<\/td>\n<td>$2.5-$3.5<\/td>\n<td>Most common cold-region spec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-35\u00b0C to -50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-50\u00b0C to -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Naphthenic or synthetic ester<\/td>\n<td>$3.5-$15<\/td>\n<td>Check low-temperature viscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Below -50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>-60\u00b0C or lower<\/td>\n<td>Synthetic ester or silicone<\/td>\n<td>$8-$30<\/td>\n<td>Confirm pump and gasket ratings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10592\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cold-Region-Transformer-Oil-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"selection\">The Selection Process<\/h2>\n<p>Determine the lowest temperature in the site. Take the extreme lowest temperature into account rather than the mean winter temperature, also add 10 or 15 K safety margin.<br \/>\nDetermine the required pour point. In case of a site temperature of -40\u00b0C for instance, specify -55\u00b0C or -60\u00b0C pour point oil so that the oil will remain liquid.<br \/>\nCheck the low-temperature viscosity. Consult the manufacturer of the transformer about the oil viscosity in case of -30\u00b0C since this is the information that will ensure the effectiveness of the cooling system.<br \/>\nChoose the oil type. If economy is the goal, use naphthenic mineral oil; synthetic ester in case of fire and environmental regulations; and silicone only on an obligation basis.<br \/>\nCheck the compatibility of the transformer. Make sure that gaskets, pumps, and breathers are compatible with the oil and support the extreme temperature; for the -40\u00b0C site, it may be necessary to choose special gaskets designed for such low temperatures.<br \/>\nMake sure to obtain the certificate. It needs to cover the pour point, viscosity, BDV, water content, and flash point as per your requirements.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"applications\">Application by Region and Climate<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Northern China, Mongolia, areas in northern USA (-30\u00b0C to -40\u00b0C): low pour point naphthenic oil with -40\u00b0C pour point.<br \/>\nCanada, Siberia, northern Scandinavia (below -40\u00b0C): oils with -55\u00b0C to -60\u00b0C pour points utilized, often synthetic esters for the coldest sites.<br \/>\nHigh-altitude locations (Andes, Tibet, Alps): combination of cold environment and less cooling at altitudes, requiring derate and use of cold-class oil.<br \/>\nOffshore and cold marine conditions: use of naphthenic and ester oils with strict moisture control.<\/p>\n<p>Altitudes add to cold difficulties: at 3,000 meters, air density is roughly 30 percent lower, making it less efficient naturally cooling transformers, which have to be derated or assigned a higher cooling stage before temperature starts being addressed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"brands\">\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0411\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>Cold-Region Offerings<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Shell<\/td>\n<td>Netherlands\/UK<\/td>\n<td>Diala S4 ZX-I, Diala AX (low-pour naphthenic)<\/td>\n<td>$2-$4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ExxonMobil<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0428\u0410<\/td>\n<td>Mobil 3910-60 (paraffinic, pour -60\u00b0C), Unvolt<\/td>\n<td>$2.5-$4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nynas<\/td>\n<td>Sweden<\/td>\n<td>Nytro Libra, Nytex 620 (naphthenic specialists)<\/td>\n<td>$2-$4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ergon<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0428\u0410<\/td>\n<td>Hyvolt III, cold-grade naphthenic oils<\/td>\n<td>$2-$3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MIDEL (M&amp;I Materials)<\/td>\n<td>UK<\/td>\n<td>MIDEL 7131 synthetic ester (pour -56\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>$8-$15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jiangsu Subian Electric Power (with brand-name oil)<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439<\/td>\n<td>Transformers supplied filled with specified cold-grade oil<\/td>\n<td>Oil bundled; units priced competitively<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The oil industry is dominated by global companies specializing in lubricants and esters, including Shell, ExxonMobil, Nynas, Ergon, and MIDEL, whose cold products have been used all across the globe. In the case of the transformer, the oil type is usually specified in the contract, and companies such as Jiangsu Subian Electric Power provide the transformer with the cold oil specified as per the contract and indicate the oil filling on the certificate. Indeed, this is critical for cold places because the oil is not a consumable item and cannot be replaced; it is part of the thermal design of the transformer. Subian\u2019s cold region transformers are supplied with the certificate indicating the pour point and viscosity of the oil, and the prices for the filled transformer are usually 40-60% less than the prices quoted for similar units produced by European manufacturers.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-choose\">How to Choose the Right Oil<\/h2>\n<p>Apply the site\u2019s worst-case surmise minimum temperature plus tolerance to choose the requirement for pouring point.<br \/>\nSelect naphthenic oils for cold environments and avoid paraffinic products unless they have been dewaxed to meet the parameter of pouring point.<br \/>\nIndicate the limit of viscosity at low temperatures to ensure that the cooling system is operational.<br \/>\nFind the oil family compliant with the fire and environmental codes, not only with the thermometer.<br \/>\nCheck whether the gasket and pump materials are appropriate for the extreme temperature conditions.<br \/>\nDemand from the certificate showing the pouring point, viscosity, BDV, water content and flash point.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"handling\">Handling, Storage, and Cold Start-Up<\/h2>\n<p>Cold-region oil handling has a particular discipline of its own. Drums, tanks and heat-transferring pipes need to be located above oil&#8217;s pouring point so that oil remains pumpable; many sites resort to heated storage and transferring lines. Before filling, oil has to be vacuum-degassed and dried up to below 30 ppm water content due to the fact that cold air contains very little moisture while the warm oil coming from storage would condense it. Usually, one would install filters with 1-5 microns and a vacuum dryer while filling transformers with oil in cold regions.<\/p>\n<p>When starting the equipment in cold conditions, it is very important to follow the sequence \u2013 switch on the transformer and let the oil circulate for 10-30 minutes before putting significant load in order to avoid formation of hot spots in stagnant cold oil. Some operators would keep pumps in operation during the coldest nights instead of setting the control system on the temperature of oil being pumped. The rules of operation should be included in the maintenance manual of the site not just in its specifications.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n<h3>Which transformer oil is appropriate for cold locations?<\/h3>\n<p>For use in applications in the cold regions, using low-pour-point naphthenic mineral oil approved by IEC 60296 is the best deal: the oil remains liquid at temperatures from -40\u00b0C to -60\u00b0C and costs approximately $2.5-$4 per liter. Synthetic esters, priced at about $8-$15 per liter, provide both improved fire safety and biodegradability, but at the same levels of performance in the cold. Standard oil, with a pour point of -30\u00b0C, is not sufficient for sites experiencing temperatures below approximately -25\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h3>What is meant by pour point of transformer oil?<\/h3>\n<p>Pour point is defined as the temperature at which the oil is still flowing. At this temperature, circulating stops, and, consequently, the transformer does not cool, resulting in overheating of the winding regardless of freezing weather. Standard oil of the transformer has a pour point of -30\u00b0C; oil for cold regions is rated at -40\u00b0C, -45\u00b0C, or -60\u00b0C depending on the site.<\/p>\n<h3>Is naphthenic or paraffinic transformer oil better for winter?<\/h3>\n<p>Definitely naphthenic. Paraffinic oils contain paraffin that crystallizes at cold temperatures, increasing viscosity to the point of preventing oil from flowing at all, which means that transformer cannot be cooled at these temperatures. Naphthenic oil is naturally low pour-point and flows well in the cold, which is why oil specifications for cold regions almost always require naphthenic grade oil.<\/p>\n<h3>How much does transformer oil for cold regions cost?<\/h3>\n<p>Standard mineral oil is priced at $1.5-$2.5 per liter, low-pour-point naphthenic oil costs $2.5-$4 per liter, synthetic esters cost $6-$15 per liter, and silicone oil costs $15-$30 per liter. The oil price difference is around $10,000\u2013$20,000 for a 10,000-liter transformer, which is not large compared to the winter failure cost.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I use standard transformer oil if I just derate the transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>Derating helps with heat, not with cold fluidity. If the oil&#8217;s pour point is above the site minimum, the oil will stop flowing regardless of how little load the transformer carries. The specification must be driven by the site temperature, and the transformer and oil selected as one thermal system. Cold-grade oil is not optional for genuinely cold sites.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/60161\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60296 \u2014 Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications, Unused Mineral Insulating Oils<\/a> \u2014 The master standard for mineral transformer oil grades and pour points.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/61099\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 61099 \u2014 Synthetic Organic Esters for Electrical Purposes<\/a> \u2014 The standard for synthetic ester insulating oils.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/d3487-18.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ASTM D3487 \u2014 Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus<\/a> \u2014 North American mineral oil specification.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/60156\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60156 \u2014 Insulating Liquids, Determination of the Breakdown Voltage<\/a> \u2014 The dielectric test method for BDV.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/57.106\/7750\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE C57.106 \u2014 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil<\/a> \u2014 Oil acceptance criteria and moisture limits.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nynas.com\/en\/transformer-oil\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nynas \u2014 Transformer Oil Solutions<\/a> \u2014 Specialist naphthenic oil grades and application guidance.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.midel.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">M&amp;I Materials \u2014 MIDEL Ester Fluids<\/a> \u2014 Synthetic ester products with published low-temperature data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>This means that while buying transformer oil for cold conditions is not only about the lubricant itself, it has to do with thermal design. The pour point, low temperature viscosity and water content determine if the cooling system will work through the coldest night, while the type of oil defines the fire and environmental risk. With the correct information on paper the transformer will serve for years; otherwise one will pay dearly in the winter.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Specify pour point from the site&#8217;s extreme minimum plus margin, not from a catalog default.<\/li>\n<li>Choose naphthenic oil for cold regions; use esters only where fire or environment demands it.<\/li>\n<li>Verify low-temperature viscosity against the manufacturer&#8217;s circulation limit.<\/li>\n<li>Buy the oil and the transformer as one system, and put the certificate in the contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For oil-immersed transformers filled with the correct cold-grade oil and certified to IEC 60296, contact <strong>Jiangsu Subian Electric Power<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/\">www.subian-electric.com<\/a> \u2014 specify your site&#8217;s minimum temperature and the pour point requirement, and they will quote the filled unit with the certificate included.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A utility engineer located in the north of Canada is designing a specification for a 25 MVA transformer that will operate in a substation with temperature levels going below -40\u00b0C during the month of January. The transformers have large cooling devices, their tank is specially constructed to withstand the heavy wind and snow loadings, so [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10590,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10589"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11103,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10589\/revisions\/11103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}