{"id":167,"date":"2026-08-22T02:34:24","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T18:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/q8bbzjnpm5.wpdns.site\/?p=167"},"modified":"2026-08-29T23:43:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:43:31","slug":"7-tips-for-choosing-the-best-auxiliary-transformer-for-your-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/news\/7-tips-for-choosing-the-best-auxiliary-transformer-for-your-project\/","title":{"rendered":"7 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 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\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0431\u044b\u043b 20% \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0412\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c 35,000 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 10,000 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442, \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 0.4 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e 35\/0.4 \u043a\u0412, 10\/0.4 \u043a\u0412 \u0438 6.6\/0.4 \u043a\u0412). \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\/\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/ \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f (ONAN)<\/td>\n<td>50\u20132,500 \u043a\u0412\u0410<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043a<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 (ONAF)<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 1,000 \u043a\u0412\u0410<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0436\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<td>100\u20132,000 \u043a\u0412\u0410<\/td>\n<td>\u042d\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>100\u20132,500 \u043a\u0412\u0410<\/td>\n<td>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"tip1\">\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 1: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c 5-8 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441 \u0432 15-20% \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0412\u0410. \u0412\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 50 \u043a\u0412\u0410 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 $2,000 \u0434\u043e $4,000 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 80 \u043a\u0412\u0410 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tip2\">\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 2: \u0417\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 35\/0.4 \u043a\u0412, 10\/0.4 \u043a\u0412 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c Dyn11, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0444\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Dyn5 \u0438\u043b\u0438 YNd11 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>35\/0.4 \u043a\u0412<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u043d11<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10\/0.4 \u043a\u0412<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u043d11<\/td>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11\/0.4 \u043a\u0412<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u043d11<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6\/0.4 \u043a\u0412<\/td>\n<td>Dyn11 \u0438\u043b\u0438 Dyn5<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>33\/0.4 \u043a\u0412<\/td>\n<td>Dyn5 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"tip3\">\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 3: \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c ONAN (\u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0434\u043e 1,000 \u043a\u0412\u0410. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 ONAF (\u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439) \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 20\u201333%. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 40\u00b0C \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 1,000 \u043c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 ONAN<\/th>\n<th>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>100% \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>45\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>~93\u201395%<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b (ONAF)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>50\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>~85\u201388%<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, ONAF \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0412\u0410<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>55\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>~78\u201382%<\/td>\n<td>Special high-ambient design<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Above 1,000 m altitude<\/td>\n<td>De-rate ~1% per 100 m over 1,000 m<\/td>\n<td>Confirm insulation and cooling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"tip4\">Tip 4: Choose Tapping Arrangement Deliberately<\/h2>\n<p>The bus voltage level at a substation seldom is at the rated value; it varies from time to time depending on the load and network situation. Off-load tap changers (\u00b12 \u00d7 2.5% is normal) deal with variations that occur slowly and happen without any extra costs. But when the voltage levels fluctuate considerably during a day, on-load tap changers (OLTCs) allow the system to remain within tolerance through the course of the day without turning off the substation but with adding around 10-25% to the cost and requiring periodic maintenance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-169\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-TIPS.webp\" alt=\"7 TIPS\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tip5\">Tip 5: Compare Guaranteed Losses, Not Just Price<\/h2>\n<p>Because the auxiliary transformer has a high load factor throughout the day, operating losses become an unavoidable cost. No-load loss (core loss) is incurred such as during no-load loss; load loss happens depending on the usage. Evaluate proposals based on the losses and compare them. At an average cost of power around $0.10-$0.15\/kWh, 500 W of no-load loss may cost around $440-$660 per year, resulting in a total cost of $11,000-$16,500 over 25 years of operation. Request no-load and load loss data from vendors in accordance with IEC 60076-1 and compare it.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>No-load loss difference<\/th>\n<th>Annual cost @ $0.10\/kWh<\/th>\n<th>Annual cost @ $0.15\/kWh<\/th>\n<th>25-year capitalized value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>100 W<\/td>\n<td>$88<\/td>\n<td>$131<\/td>\n<td>$2,200\u2013$3,300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>300 W<\/td>\n<td>$263<\/td>\n<td>$394<\/td>\n<td>$6,600\u2013$9,900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>500 W<\/td>\n<td>$438<\/td>\n<td>$657<\/td>\n<td>$11,000\u2013$16,400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1,000 W<\/td>\n<td>$876<\/td>\n<td>$1,314<\/td>\n<td>$21,900\u2013$32,900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"tip6\">Tip 6: Pick Oil-Immersed or Dry-Type for the Site<\/h2>\n<p>Insulation systems functions according to the physical environment. Most often outdoor substations use oil-filled transformers. This technology is rugged, weatherproof and easy to maintain, the oil cools and insulates. Indoor installations, underground vaults and places with fire hazards (close to control rooms and people\u2019s facilities) use the dry types of cast resin transformers that do not require oil containment together with very low fire risk and less maintenance. The cost of cast resin transformers can be 20 \u2013 40 % higher than that of oil-filled counterparts, but the effectiveness of elimination of fire walls, oil pits and dealing with oil can make the issue swing back towards dry transformers in case of the necessity of locating a transformer inside according to fire code.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tip7\">Tip 7: Demand IEC 60076 Test Documentation<\/h2>\n<p>The testing report serves as the only conclusive proof that the item in terms of its specifications meets the required standards. It is necessary to ask for a standard test report according to the standards of IEC 60076 detailing the voltage ratio, vector group, resistance of windings, impedance and losses in the form of load loss, no-load loss, and current in addition to the dielectric tests. For critical projects, the type test report (test of temperature rise, test of short-circuit strength according to IEC 60076-5, sound level) and, if required by the project, a witnessed test or inspection at the factory performed by a third party should be requested. It is crucial to make sure that the test report is sent within the shipment for the customs procedure.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mistakes\">Common Specification Mistakes to Avoid<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Mistake<\/th>\n<th>Consequence<\/th>\n<th>Fix<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Under-rated kVA from nameplate arithmetic<\/td>\n<td>Overheating, tripping, short service life<\/td>\n<td>Use logged demand plus 15\u201320% margin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wrong vector group on the order<\/td>\n<td>Protection misoperation, parallel-running failure<\/td>\n<td>Confirm Dyn11\/Dyn5 with the station scheme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ignoring ambient temperature<\/td>\n<td>Excess temperature rise in hot climates<\/td>\n<td>De-rate per datasheet or raise cooling class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Choosing OLTC where off-circuit taps suffice<\/td>\n<td>Unnecessary cost and maintenance<\/td>\n<td>Match tap type to actual voltage variation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accepting a bid without loss guarantees<\/td>\n<td>Hidden lifetime operating cost<\/td>\n<td>Require IEC 60076 loss figures and capitalize them<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Skipping the test report check<\/td>\n<td>Undetected manufacturing defects<\/td>\n<td>Mandate routine test report before shipment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-170\" src=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Common-Specification-Mistakes-to-Avoid.webp\" alt=\"Common Specification Mistakes to Avoid\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"brands\">\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0411\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434<\/th>\n<th>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/th>\n<th>Product focus<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0446\u0435\u043d (US$)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>ABB<\/td>\n<td>\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\/\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>Full-range station service transformers<\/td>\n<td>$4,000\u2013$60,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441<\/td>\n<td>\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>Utility and industrial auxiliary units<\/td>\n<td>$3,500\u2013$55,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Schneider Electric<\/td>\n<td>\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>Dry-type and cast resin units<\/td>\n<td>$2,500\u2013$40,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hitachi Energy<\/td>\n<td>\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>Utility-grade auxiliary transformers<\/td>\n<td>$4,500\u2013$70,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0442\u043e\u043d<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0428\u0410<\/td>\n<td>Commercial and light industrial units<\/td>\n<td>$2,000\u2013$35,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jiangsu Subian Electric Power<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439<\/td>\n<td>Oil-immersed and dry-type, custom vector groups<\/td>\n<td>$2,000\u2013$35,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The price ranges are indicative for transformers with ratings of between 50kVA and 2,500kVA and will depend on a number of factors including the losses, vector group, and additional features that may be included. Names such as ABB, Siemens, Schneider Electric, Hitachi Energy, and Eaton have defined the engineering quality standards for this field of transformers, so their documentation could be treated as a reference point for development. If one is looking for a provider that is able to deliver the same level of compliance with IEC 60076 but with a lower price tag, one of the Chinese producers that gift the widest experience in export is Jiangsu Subian Electric Power Co., Ltd. The Chinese company produces both oil-immersed and dry-type transformers of different ratings from tens of kVA to dozens of MVA, offers traditional or custom-made vector groups, dual secondary options, as well as on-load and off-circuit transformers. You can review the product range on the <a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/\">\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 Subian Electric<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n<h3>What is the difference between an auxiliary transformer and a distribution transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>The principles of the design are the same; the distinction lies in the objective and the position. A distribution transformer provides power to consumers \u2014 residences, stores, small factories \u2014 along the grid. An auxiliary transformer supplies power to the systems within a power plant or substation \u2014 control, protection, lighting, cooling, and battery charging. Since its load keeps the plant functioning, an auxiliary transformer often operates at a higher load factor than a distribution transformer and is designed with greater consideration for losses and reliability.<\/p>\n<h3>What kVA rating is typical for a station service transformer?<\/h3>\n<p>Having an auxiliary load requirement. A small distribution substation will likely only require around 50\u2013200 kVA for its auxiliaries, while a large EHV substation or power plant may have several units varying from 1,000\u20132,500 kVA, sometimes featuring dual secondaries for motors and control feeds. Select a size based on the actual auxiliary load plus 15\u201320% margin instead of following the rule of thumb.<\/p>\n<h3>Can an auxiliary transformer be installed indoors?<\/h3>\n<p>Sure. When it comes to indoor installation, it is more advisable to use a dry-type cast resin auxiliary transformer since it is not subject to an oil containment requirement, has a low probability of fire, and features lower maintenance needs. In the case of outdoor substations, oil-immersed unit are practically always used. The insulation system&#8217;s selection should not rely on the rule of thumb; it should depend on site characteristics and fire code requirements.<\/p>\n<h3>Should the auxiliary transformer have an on-load tap changer?<\/h3>\n<p>Only if your bus voltage changes enough to affect the 0.4 kV supply do you need an OLTC. Off-circuit taps (\u00b12 x 2.5%) are effective in dealing with slow variations in voltage at no extra cost. An OLTC increases the system price and running costs by 10-25%, but it protects vulnerable control electronics in unstable networks, where one outage is usually worth the cost incurred.<\/p>\n<h3>Does Subian provide test reports with auxiliary transformers?<\/h3>\n<p>Absolutely. All auxiliary transformers of Subian come with a standard test report before shipment according to the IEC 60076 which is inclusive of tests such as the ratio, vector group, impedance, losses, and dielectric tests. It is possible to arrange for other types of test reports required for projects such as witnessed tests and third-party inspection before the order is finalized.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"references\">\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/publication\/287\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-1 \u2014 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a> \u2014 the governing standard for rating, losses, and testing of auxiliary transformers.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/publication\/293\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-5 \u2014 \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a> \u2014 the verification standard for short-circuit robustness of station service units.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/publication\/290\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 60076-3 \u2014 \u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a> \u2014 defines insulation and test requirements referenced in RFQs.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nema.org\/standards\/view\/nema-tp-1-2022\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NEMA TP-1 \u2014 \u042d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/a> \u2014 the efficiency benchmark used in North American loss evaluation.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaton.com\/us\/en-us\/products\/transformers.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eaton \u2014 Transformer Product Range<\/a> \u2014 representative manufacturer documentation for comparison.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/resources\/ul-1561-standard-for-safety-dry-type-general-purpose-power-transformers\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UL 1561 \u2014 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430<\/a> \u2014 safety listing relevant for indoor and dry-type auxiliary units.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>The auxiliary transformer is the silent workhorse of any dependable substation, and its proper selection is based on seven key decisions: to define the size taking into account the load requirements and allowing 15-20% overheads; to fix the voltage pair and the vector group; to provide the match of the cooling mechanism with the conditions of use; to be careful while choosing the tap connection; to compare the costs of the capitalized losses; and to select either the oil-immersed unit or dry-type based on the requirements of the installation site; and to ask for IEC 60076 test results. All decisions can be practically verified, and it is the totality of the decisions that allows to differentiate a 25-year station from a station failing in the initial summer. Jiangsu Subian Electric Power is a reputable manufacturer of both oil-immersed and dry-type auxiliary transformers compliant with IEC 60076 standards, providing full test evidence and very fair prices. Contact the company through the <a href=\"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/\">\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442<\/a> with your station load data and voltage scheme to receive a specification-matched proposal.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Envision the task of a commissioning engineer working at a new 110 kV substation: the main transformer completes all tests yet the control room is dark because of the fact that the auxiliary transformer, which ensures the functioning of charging, cooling and protection, was 20% undersized. Such a picture can be encountered on many projects [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=167"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11073,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167\/revisions\/11073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/subian-electric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}