一つの エネルギー貯蔵コンパクト変電所 バッテリーエネルギー貯蔵システム（BESS）と中圧配電ネットワークとの接続として機能します。エネルギーの変換と保護に関連する電気機器はコンパクトで、現場で設計されています。これらのプロジェクトには、双方向変換システム、昇圧変圧器、中圧電子機器、およびシステムの監視と制御のための補助機器が含まれています。これらの建設における異なる建設アプローチには、PCSを同じスキッド上または別のボックスに配置すること、または変圧器の近くに配置することが含まれます。.
簡単な回答： エネルギー貯蔵コンパクト変電所は、BESSと11、20、22、33または35 kVの中圧配電網とのインターフェースを表します。統合されたPCSを持つコンパクト変電所は、コンバータとすべての電子機器を単一の構造にまとめる設計です。コンパクト変電所の購入は、PCSの仕様、変圧器の出力、双方向運転の能力など、さまざまな要因に依存します。.
このガイドは、システムの電気構造に関する詳細情報と、統合された変換システムと別々の変換システムを持つコンパクト変電所の設計の違い、EPC請負業者が必要とする仕様、およびコンパクトサブシステムの供給者の評価に関する情報を提供します。また、変圧器の製造業者やアセンブリの製造業者に関する情報も提供します。.
エネルギー貯蔵コンパクト変電所とは何ですか？
AC結合BESSシステムでは、バッテリーから直流が供給され、PCSがそれを交流に変換してグリッドに供給できるようにします。充電時には、エネルギーが逆方向に流れます。変圧器は、ACS電流をエネルギー収集グリッドの電流に変更します。他のすべてのMV機器はブロックを接続し、ユニットの絶縁を操作します。. 電気の双方向循環は、BESSを通常の変電所と区別する要素となります。.
マーケティング用語は、コンパクト変電所、中圧スキッド、PCS変圧器ステーション、および電力変換ステーションをカバー/重複していますが、それぞれの意味は異なります。購入者には、MV変圧器とスイッチギアユニット、または事前にインストールされたPCSを持つスキッド、または完全なBESSブロックが提供される可能性があります。.
標準電気ラインと部品の制限
バッテリラック（DC）→ DC安全およびフェンス保護→ 双方向PCS→ 低圧AC安全→ 昇圧変圧器→ MVスイッチボードと安全→ MV収集ライン→ グリッドへの接続ポイント。.
これは同義のAC接続構成です。バッテリーシステム（BMS）、エネルギーシステム（EMS）、プラントコントローラー、通信、緊急システムおよび補助機器の制御プロセスは、電気ラインの一部ではありません。DC接続PVシステムのアプローチは異なる場合があるため、すべての構成に同じスキームを使用することはできません。.
PCS統合型と分離型PCSコンパクト変電所
PCSシステムの実装は、現場での配線およびインターフェースの設置の必要性を減少させる可能性があります。ただし、統合ソリューションの選択は、必ずしも成功が保証されるものではありません。レイアウト設計の具体的な内容は、PCSシステムの提供者、熱管理、必要なアクセスの提供、サイトの寸法および輸送制限に依存します。.
| 設計 | 一般的な配置 | 利点 | トレードオフ |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCS統合型MVスキッドまたはエンクロージャ | PCS、変圧器、MVスイッチングおよび相互接続が、1つの調整されたブロックまたは密接に統合されたモジュールのセットとして供給されます | 工場での組み立てが多く、現場でのインターフェースが少なく、繰り返し可能なモジュラー配置 | 集中した熱、アクセスおよび輸送制約; コンポーネント特有のテストが依然として必要 |
| 分離型PCS + コンパクト変圧器変電所 | 独立した屋外キャビネットまたはコンテナ内のPCS; 隣接する変電所内の変圧器およびMVスイッチギア | 柔軟なベンダー選択、明確なサービスゾーンおよび機器の交換が容易 | より多くのLV AC配線および現場調整; サイト設置の範囲が大きくなる可能性 |
| 中央PCS対分散型/ストリングPCS | One or a few large conversion units versus multiple smaller converters feeding one or more transformers | 冗長性、容量およびプラント制御の最適化が可能 | 保護、ケーブル損失、ハーモニクスおよびメンテナンスの取り決めが異なる |
エンクロージャ、変圧器およびMVスイッチギアを提供するサプライヤーが、必ずしもPCS、EMS、BMSまたは完全な認定BESSを提供しているわけではありません。RFQの開始時に供給境界マトリックスおよび単線図（SLD）を要求してください。.
PCSベースのエネルギー貯蔵変電所の主要部品
双方向電力変換装置（PCS）
バッテリーのDC動作電圧範囲および低電圧変圧器に適したものを選択することが重要です。連続MWおよびMVA性能を確認し、充電/放電モードの要件、リアクティブパワーの供給（該当する場合）、ハーモニクスの排出および必要な作業温度を確認する必要があります。2 MWのPCSを持っているだけでは、必要なリアクティブパワー要件を提供できるとは限りません。.
BESSブースタ変圧器
頻繁な充電および放電、負荷プロファイルの変化、およびコンバータからの大量のハーモニクスに責任があります。PCSの特性、損失、周囲の条件、冷却および過負荷の仕様に基づいて、適切なMVAを選択する必要があります。巻線材料、インピーダンス、ベクトルグループ、タップ範囲、接地システムおよび保証された無負荷/負荷損失を定義する必要があります。条件およびプロジェクトの安全規制に応じて、油浸変圧器および乾式変圧器の両方が使用される可能性があります。.
中電圧スイッチギア、RMUおよび保護リレー
中圧RMUまたは回路遮断器のスイッチギアは、切断および故障クリアリングの操作を保証します。十分な故障電流、短時間耐電流、作成/切断の義務、およびフィーダー構成が必要です。また、保護リレーや測定機器も評価する必要があります。通常、負荷開閉スイッチまたはヒューズの組み合わせは、特定の保護要件があるため、ブレーカーの代わりにはなりません。.
補助機器、冷却および情報技術インターフェース
設計は補助変圧器、UPS、換気または空調システムに基づく必要があり、その設置は運転中に発生する熱を除去することを保証しなければなりません。.
エネルギー貯蔵コンパクト変電所の仕様：購入者が要求すべきこと
国際プロジェクトの場合、エンジニアリング仕様は「11–35 kV」や「PCS対応」といった一般的な主張よりも有用です。以下の項目は見積もりおよび承認された図面に含めるべきです。.
| 仕様 | 確認すべきこと | 重要性 |
|---|---|---|
| グリッドの公称電圧 / 機器の定格電圧 | 例えば、適切な12 kVクラスの機器を持つ11 kVネットワーク、または適切な36 kVクラスの機器を持つ33 kV、ネットワーク規則に従う | 絶縁調整および正しいMV機器 |
| PCSのAC電圧および定格MW/MVA | 正確なコンバータのデータシートおよび連続充電/放電の運転範囲 | 変圧器の巻線互換性および熱サイズ |
| 変圧器の定格およびタイプ | kVA/MVA、比率、インピーダンス、冷却、損失保証、ベクトルグループ、タップ | 信頼性、損失コストおよびグリッドの適合性 |
| MV short-circuit duty | Short-time withstand, peak withstand, breaking duties and duration | Equipment and personnel safety |
| 保護と制御 | Protection study, relay functions, SCADA/EMS protocol and interlocks | Safe bidirectional operation |
| Site / enclosure conditions | Ambient range, altitude, corrosion category, ventilation and required IP degree | Derating and maintenance access |
| Standards and proof | Applicable IEC / local rules, type-test coverage, routine test reports and FAT scope | Approvals and contractual acceptance |
Example: sizing the step-up transformer for a 2.5 MW PCS
Assuming that the PCS has to deliver a load of 2.5 MW with a power factor of 0.95 from its AC terminals means that the apparent power will be about 2.5/0.95 ≈ 2.63 MVA. This is not a fixed transformer specification, but rather a first step in the calculations – reactive power needs to be calculated at different operating points, overload and harmonics of the converter, the influence of temperature on the site and some other details of engineering calculations.
Also keep in mind that MW and MWh are different figures. A 2.5 MW / 5 MWh BESS has a nominal two-hour energy-to-power ratio, while the real energy supply duration will depend on the battery operation constraints.
11kV, 22kV and 33/35kV Grid Connections for BESS
Compact storage substations could be connected to networks which operate at 11, 20/22, 33 or 35 kV lines, based on the local utility practices and studies regarding the size of the plant, as well as point of inter-connection. The project designer is responsible for determining the nature of the connection made to the technical network and the required protection. The manufacturer is therefore tasked with choosing the suitable ratings of the transformer and switchgear.
For a number of BESS blocks, the individual PCS transformer stations can feed a medium voltage collector in order to connect to the high voltage grid substation. In a smaller commercial facility, a single transformer station can connect the local battery facility with the MV distribution network.
IEC Standards and Safety Requirements for BESS Substations
Different standards apply to different parts of the installation. Avoid accepting a single blanket statement that a complete PCS-integrated substation is “IEC certified” without identifying the assembly, equipment and actual test evidence.
| 標準 | Primary relevance |
|---|---|
| IEC 62271-202:2022 | Requirements and tests for applicable AC prefabricated substations above 1 kV and up to 52 kV |
| IEC 62271-200 | Applicable medium-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear |
| IEC 60076シリーズ | Power transformer design, ratings and tests; the applicable parts depend on transformer construction |
| IEC 62477-1:2022 | General safety requirements for power electronic converter systems within its defined voltage scope |
| IEC 62933-5-2:2025 | Safety requirements for grid-integrated electrochemical energy storage systems |
| Local interconnection / fire / utility rules | Project-specific protection, grid-support functions, battery safety, commissioning and permissions |
IEC 62271-202 deals with prefabricated assembly substation where it applies and does not imply a general certificate for batteries or PCS. IEC 62933-5-2 specifies the safety of electrochemical BESS systems in operation. A PCS needs to conform to its specific safety requirements. In addition, local laws or grid operators impose additional requirements. If the manufacturer has changed transformer or converter or switchgear arrangement or casing compared with the previous design that was already verified, it is better to get clarified how this change influences on the validity of the test results.
Where Energy Storage Compact Substations Are Used
Utility level battery systems
Utility scale battery storage systems use many converter transformer setups that are connected through the medium voltage electrical connection. Repeatable layouts, service access and reliable information are very important. The compact design should ensure safety and fire prevention access.
Plants combining solar energy with battery storage
It is important to make a clear difference between the PV inverter, battery power supply and shared network connection. AC systems usually use different sources of energy converted into medium voltage electricity, while DC systems need to be treated in a different way. Exporting electricity must comply with the limitations, all processes or devices must work at the same time.
Industrial facilities’ power saving and assurance
Facilities can rely on the batteries when operating loads. In this case, it is more important to consider how effective the transformer is, what voltage functions it performs and its coordinating quality.
What Leading Brands Illustrate About PCS and Modular Substation Design
Different manufacturers showcase various stages of the supply chain process. For example, Sungrow provides bidirectional power conditioning systems (PCS) along with large-scale battery storage systems that can both serve as reference points for inquiries into their capacity ratings and grid-support capabilities. Similarly, Hitachi Energy shares information on container-shaped, ready-made modular substations, demonstrating factory assembly and grid-connection interfaces. These examples serve as references and do not claim that these two manufacturers share the same product description or that any particular Subian device is the same as theirs.
When assessing the supplier, it is important to compare the set of equipment being provided: whether it includes batteries, PCS, transformers, switchgear, burning systems, grid management systems or testing. After that, the supplier’s footprint, quality guarantees, lead times and price can be compared.
How do you select the most appropriate Supplier of a compact substation with an integrated BESS-PCS?
An EPC customer should ask all bidders to submit similar project inputs. At a minimum, you will have to submit a single-line diagram, the BESS MW/MWh, the PCS make/model, the specifications for the direct current voltage, the nominal voltage, grid voltage and frequency, fault characteristics, point of connection to the grid and its requirements, and ambient conditions of the delivery destination.
Confirm at which location you will be receiving the equipment and check out who will be the supplier of the equipment of the PCS and transformer, the RMU/MV circuit breaker, relay protection, the control panel, and connecting wires.
Make sure that the PCS and transformer will be compatible with each other; thus, identify the voltage and maximum apparent power (MVA) range of the PCS and the transformer.Rest on the converters, grounding and leakage currents. Also check what demands for the interface between the converter and the device the manufacturer will have.
Examine documented safety principles like detailed assembly design reports and reports on the results of equipment testing.
Carry out the investigation of the physical integration of the system; thus, analyze the weight of the equipment,its dimensions, and how the cables will be fed.
Subian Electric: Transformer and MV Substation Support for BESS Projects
Subian Electric manufactures transformers, medium-voltage switchgear and prefabricated substation products. Its YBシリーズプレハブ変電所 integrates a transformer with HV/MV switching and LV distribution; its YBM 35 kV photovoltaic step-up substation offers relevant renewable-energy step-up experience. These product families provide a basis for reviewing transformer and MV substation packages for a storage project.
Important supply clarification: Subian’s public product information does not by itself establish that a complete PCS-integrated BESS substation—including a particular PCS, battery system and all system-level certificates—is a standard, tested Subian product. Any PCS-inclusive offer, integration responsibility, compatibility and project-specific certification must be confirmed in the quotation and approved drawings. Subian is an independent manufacturer and is not affiliated with or endorsed by the brands referenced in this guide.
For an engineering review, provide your battery/PCS technical datasheets, single-line diagram, grid voltage, transformer rating, protection requirements, installation conditions and project location. Subian Electricに連絡してください to discuss a project-specific transformer, switchgear or compact substation quotation, and any separately confirmed PCS integration scope.
よくある質問
What is an energy storage compact substation?
The BESS Grid Interface Station is a compact electric grid connection facility featuring a step-up transformer, high voltage switchgear gear and equipment for complete protection and other auxiliary functions. The power conditioning system can be a part of an integrated skid or installed in proximity to the BESS Grid Interface Station.
What does PCS mean in an energy storage substation?
PCS means power conversion system: the bidirectional converter that changes DC battery power into AC for export and converts AC to DC when charging. PCS operation is coordinated with the battery controls and plant controller.
Is a PCS-integrated compact substation the same as a battery container?
No. A battery container houses battery modules and associated safety and thermal systems. A PCS-integrated MV station focuses on conversion and grid-interface equipment; some projects use adjacent, interconnected modules rather than one enclosure.
Can a BESS compact substation connect to an 11 kV or 33 kV grid?
Yes, when engineered for the project’s nominal voltage, insulation level, grid fault current and interconnection rules. Transformer and MV switchgear ratings must match the actual network.
How do you size a BESS step-up transformer?
Begin with the PCS apparent-power operation envelope to undertake the assessment of the power factor/reactive requirements and such things as converter overload, harmonics, losses, ambient conditions, cooling, and site-specific safety margin. Just the battery MWh value is insufficient.
What is the difference between an MV skid and a compact substation?
An MV skid means a portable platform that bears transformation and/or MV apparatus. A compact substation usually means a contained transformer and switchgear unit. Suppliers in the marketplace have varied uses of the terms so it is wise to check the bill of materials and coverage.
Which IEC standards apply to a PCS-integrated energy storage substation?
The standards that can be applicable depending on the configuration and market. For example, IEC 62271-202 can be used with the assembly of prefabricated substations; IEC 60076 can be applicable to the transformers; IEC 62477-1 may be used with the relevant converters which are covered under this scope; and IEC 62933-5-2 could be applied to safety aspects of the BESS system integrated with the grid. Also, there might be additional requirements arising from local rules for the grid and the fire regulations.
Does PCS integration automatically reduce total project cost?
No. Factory assembly can reduce field cabling and commissioning interfaces, but enclosure cooling, transport, serviceability and vendor coordination may change the total cost. Compare complete project scope and operating cost.
Can I buy an energy storage PCS-integrated compact substation from China?
Yes, there are suppliers from China which can deliver MV solution through PCS. Always ask manufacturer to provide project-specific BOF, refer to the names of PCS supplier, providing drawings, compatibility studies and tests. Make sure that the quoted unit has all the required safety and grid approval certification.
参考文献
- IEC 62271-202:2022 — AC Prefabricated Substations
- IEC 60076-1:2011 — Power Transformers, General
- IEC 62477-1:2022 — Safety Requirements for Power Electronic Converter Systems
- IEC 62933-5-2:2025 — Grid-Integrated Electrochemical Energy Storage Safety
- Sungrow — Utility-Scale MV Power Conversion System
- Hitachi Energy — Containerized and Prefabricated Substations
Conclusion: Specify the BESS Electrical Interface Before Choosing the Enclosure
The best エネルギー貯蔵コンパクト変電所 is not necessarily the smallest package or the one described with the most integration buzzwords. It is the one whose PCS voltage, transformer capacity, MV protection, heat management and safety documentation match the exact BESS duty. Define the interface, decide whether a PCS-integrated skid or separate-PCS layout is more practical, and evaluate every supplier using the same evidence-based RFQ. Share your technical requirements with Subian Electric for an assessment of the transformer and MV substation scope.